WGU C451/GNC2/1NC1 Integrated Natural Sciences Module 1-10 Solved 100% Correct

Describe the scientific method. Explain how it is used in the process of science to solve problems. - ANSWER-Used by scientists to question the world, instead of going straight from logic to conclusion, they test all the stuff in-between. observation - ANSWER-Information gathered about the natural world using tools or human senses. Ex) Shopping carts in a parking lot noticing they are not being returned. question - ANSWER-What you want to know Ex) Shopping carts What will happen if a cart corral is added to a parking lot? hypothesis - ANSWER-A prediction or educated guess about the outcome of a scientific investigation; a proposed explanation for an aspect of the natural world. (Must be both falsifiable and testable) Ex) shopping carts/parking lot experiment: If return corral is added, people should return the carts. prediction - ANSWER-predicting consequences that can be observed if the hypothesis is correct. Ex) Shopping carts I believe with a corral there will be less carts in the parking lot. reproducible results - ANSWER-A result of a scientific investigation that has been replicated by others. Ex) shopping carts/parking lot: putting in more corrals to ensure same results. conclusion - ANSWER-An inference or summary of the meaning of the results of a scientific investigation. Ex) shopping carts/parking lot experiment: Corrals did lead to more people putting their carts away. Explain how Galileo challenged Aristotle's belief that heavy objects fall faster than lighter objects. Consider how Galileo's actions were related to the scientific method. - ANSWER-Galileo dropped a rock & a feather from the "Leaning Tower of Pisa" and determined that they fell at the same rate. Galileo also determined that it was the wind that stopped the "lighter feather" from descending as quickly as the "heavy rock," but that ultimately they still fell at the same rate if there was no wind to stop either of them. Identify and discuss important considerations when designing a controlled science experiment - ANSWER-The researcher keeps everything exactly the same except for one condition they changed on purpose. That way they know the results are only because of the changed condition Independent Variable - ANSWER-In a controlled experiment, the condition that the scientist changes on purpose. Ex) ball and ramp experiment: changing the angle of the ramp. Dependent Variable - ANSWER-In a controlled experiment, the condition that the scientist observes to see the effects of changing the independent variable. Ex) ball and ramp experiment: the distance the ball rolls. Controlled Variables - ANSWER-In a controlled experiment, the condition that is kept the same throughout an experiment. Ex) ball and the ramp experiment: type of ball, material used in the ramp, flooring, temperature of the room, etc. Explain the importance of having reproducible results in scientific experiments. - ANSWER-It shows validity and eliminated the effects of random chance and bias. a field study - ANSWER-A scientific investigation that is not conducted in a laboratory setting. Ex) anywhere but a lab computational modeling - ANSWER-A model created or designed using computers. Ex) weather, traffic patterns, Money ball guy Describe the principle of falsifiability. - ANSWER-The ability to prove something wrong. A good hypothesis has to have a possible way to demonstrate that it is false. fact - ANSWER-: An observation or phenomenon that all competent observers agree on. Generally, not open to interpretation or analysis. Ex) water is liquid at room temp, sun appears to rises in the east, the light on the moon goes through phases each month. hypothesis - ANSWER-: A prediction or educated guess about the outcome of a scientific investigation; a proposed explanation for an aspect of the natural world. (Must be both falsifiable and testable). Ex) shopping carts/parking lot experiment: If return corral is added, people should return the carts. theory - ANSWER-A well-tested, well-supported, broad explanation for all available observations and data. Ex) explaining why we have gravity. Law - ANSWER-A well-tested, well-supported description of an aspect of the natural world. Ex) describing how objects respond to force, describing the strength of a gravitational force between two objects. Explain the importance of using evidence to evaluate scientific claims. Describe how such evidence can be used to either support or refute scientific claims. - ANSWER-Expected Results = Actual Results -- Supports claim Expected Results ≠ Actual Results -- Refutes Claim Explain how a systems approach might be helpful in studying science. - ANSWER-You can focus on the system as a whole and the interactions between the parts of the system Identify ways in which science and technology are similar and different - ANSWER-Technology can enhance science, and science can lead to new technology. Biology - ANSWER-Field of study that deals with the study of living organisms, divided into many specialized fields that cover their morphology, physiology, anatomy, behavior, origin, and distribution Chemistry - ANSWER-Field of study that that deals with the identification of the substances of which matter is composed; the investigation of their properties and the ways in which they interact, combine, and change; and the use of these processes to form new substances Physics - ANSWER-Field of study concerned with the nature and properties of matter and energy. It includes mechanics, heat, light and other radiation, sound, electricity, magnetism, and the structure of atoms Geology - ANSWER-Field of study that deals with the earth's physical structure and substance, its history, and the processes that act on it. Astronomy - ANSWER-Field of study that deals with celestial objects, space, and the physical universe as a whole Explain why an integrated approach is useful in learning more about our natural world. - ANSWER-They work together Identify several examples of questions that science can answer. - ANSWER-Mating of Animals Ecosystems Physical Phenomena Natural Phenomena How Questions Identify several examples of questions that science can NOT answer. - ANSWER-Religion Art Morals Values Explain how science differs from art and religion - ANSWER-Religion asks Why Science asks How Art expressed Aesthetics What is the equation for work? - ANSWER-W = (F)(D) Work = Force x Distance Using an example of a simple machine such as a lever, describe how the force and distance input are different than the force and distance output. - ANSWER-Spreads force out by increasing the distance over which the force must be applied to reduce the amount of force input. The work is not reduced, just the amount of force. Ex) Using a ramp to push a boulder up rather than picking it up and carrying it. Make an argument whether or not a simple machine can reduce the total amount of work that is done to move an object. Explain your rationale - ANSWER-It allows us to spread force out over a longer distance. Less force = More Distance -- Same Work Mass - ANSWER-Gram (g) amount of matter in an object -Basic Quantities Time - ANSWER-Seconds (s) past to present to future -Basic Quantities Length - ANSWER-Meter (m) dimension of an object -Basic Quantities Current - ANSWER-Ampere (A) flow of electrons -Basic Quantities Temperature - ANSWER-Kelvin (K), Degree Celsius (°C) hot & cold -Basic Quantities Volume - ANSWER-Liter (L) The amount of space an object fills -Derived Quantities Energy - ANSWER-Joule (J) ability to do work or cause change -Derived Quantities Power - ANSWER-Watt (W) rate of energy use -Derived Quantities