Anatomy and Physiology - Chapter 3 Questions and Correct Answers

Cell - Basic living units of all organisms Light Microscope(s) - Allows us to visualize the general features of a cell Electron Microscope(s) - Used to study the fine structures of a cell Higher magnification than an light microscope Scanning Electron Microscope(s) - Microscope that allows us to see the features of a cell's surface as well as the surfaces of internal structures Transmission Electron Microscope(s) - Microscope that allows us to see "through" parts of a cell to help determine cell structure Plasma Membrane - Forms the outer boundary of a cell Also called the cell membrane Organelle(s) - Specialized structures within a cell that perform specific functions Nucleus - Contains the genetic material of a cell Directs cell activity Centrally located Cytoplasm - Located between the nucleus and the plasma membrane Contains many organelles Structure and Function - The number and type of organelles within each cell type determines the cells specific _____ and _____ Cell Metabolism - The chemical reactions that occur within cells are referred to collectively as? Heat - This by-product produced during cell metabolism helps to maintain body temperature Communicate - Cells produce and receive chemical and electrical signals which allow them to? Gamete(s) - Specialized cells of the body responsible for transmitting genetic information to the next generation Main Functions of a Cell - Cell metabolism and energy use Synthesis of molecules Communication Reproduction and inheritance Intracellular Substance(s) - Substances inside of the cell Extracellular Substance(s) - Substances outside of the cell Intercellular - Another name for extracellular substances Meaning "between cells" Phospholipid(s) Cholesterol - Predominant lipids of the plasma membrane Lipid Bilayer - Double layer of phospholipid molecules Forms a barrier between the inside and outside of the cell Hydrophilic - Polar, phosphate-containing ends ("heads) of the phospholipid bilayer Hydrophobic - Nonpolar, fatty acid ends ("tails") of the phospholipid bilayer Fluid-Mosaic Model - Modern concept of the plasma membrane suggesting it is highly flexible and can change its shape and composition through time