pharmacology pre-assessment 1

pharmacology pre-assessment 1 Antidote for Warfarin (Coumadin) Vitamin K antidote for heparin protamine sulfate lab value to monitor for warfarin Prothrombin time (PT) and the INR lab value to monitor for heparin partial thromblastin time PTT ( or aPTT) ciprofloxacin Fluoroquinolone Ondansetron antiemetic serotonin antagonist Captopril ACE inhibitor Atenolol Beta adrenergic blocker Prednisone Glucocorticoid Terazosin alpha adrenergic blocker Glipizide oral hypoglycemic, sulfonylurea Amiodarone Antiarrhythmic Clonidine centrally acting alpha 2 agonist Osmotic Diuretics MOA reduce intracranial pressure & intraocular pressure by raising serum osmolality & drawing fluid back into the vascular & extravascular space Loop Diuretics MOA work on the ascending limb of the loop of Henle to block reabsorption of Na & Cl & to prevent reabsorbtion of H2O Thiazide diuretics MOA work in the warly distal convoluted tubule to block teh reabsorption of Na & Cl & prevent the reabsorption of H2O at this site Potassium sparing diuretics MOA block teh action of aldosterone (Na & H20 retention) which result in potassium retention & secretion of Na & H20 epoetin alfa pharmacological action Erythropoietic growth factor that acts on the bone marrow to increase production of red blood cells oprelvekin pharmacological action Thrombopoietic growth factor that increase the production of platelets. Filgrastim pharmacological action Leukopoietic growth factor that stimulates the bone marrow to increase production of neutrophils. Sargramostim pharmacological action Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulator that acts on the bone marrow to increase production of white blood cells (neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, eosinophils). A nurse is caring for a client prescribed hydromorphone for severe pain. The client's respiratory rate has decreased from 16 breaths per minute to 6. Which if the following medications should the nurse prepare to administer? Naloxone A client has been prescribed lisinopril. Which of the following medication interactions should the nurse instruct this client about? potassium supplements A client has been prescribed vasopressin for the treatment of diabetes insipidus. What is the expected pharmacological action of this medication? to increase reabsorption of H2O in the renal tubules A nurse is reviewing the medication class, benzodiazepines. The nurse would use caution when administering benzodiazepines to which of the below clients? a client with glaucoma A client is prescribed propranolol. Which of the following client history findings would require the nurse to clarify this medication prescription? asthma A nurse is caring for a client newly prescribed doxazosin mesylate. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in client education regarding taking the first dose of this medication? change positions slowly & lie down if dizziness occurs Which of the following are contraindications to aspirin therapy? Select all that apply. Thrombocytopenia Third trimester pregnancy Adolescents with chickenpox A 45-year-old client is taking methylprednisolone. What pharmacological action should the nurse expect with this therapy Suppression of airway mucus production. A nurse is caring for a client receiving a dopamine infusion via a peripheral IV. Which of the following actions should the nurse take if the IV site appears infiltrated? stop the infusion A nurse is to instill ear drops to a 2 year-old child. To straighten the ear canal, the nurse should pull the auricle of the ear: down & backward A nurse is preparing to administer an intramuscular injection to an adult client. At what angle should the nurse administer the medication using the ventrogluteal site? 90 degree angle A client has been prescribed isosorbide mononitrate. Which of the following should the nurse include in this client's education related to this medication? This medication is prescribed for long-term prophylaxis against anginal attacks. A nurse is caring for a client prescribed ferrous sulfate for the treatment of anemia. Which of the following instructions should be included in client teaching about this medication? Take the medication on an empty stomach to maximize absorption. A nurse is caring for a client prescribed montelukast. Which of the following should the nurse include in teaching related to this medication? Advise client to take the medication once daily at bedtime. A nurse is preparing to administer enoxaparin to a client. Which of the following actions should the nurse take when administering this medication? Do not expel the air bubble from the prefilled syringe A nurse has just administered a wrong medication to a client. Which of the following actions should the nurse take next? report error to the provider A nurse is preparing to administer a measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR) to an adult client. Which of the following is a contraindication to this vaccine? the possibility of pregnancy with 4 weeks A 52-year-old client with a history of angina has been prescribed transdermal nitroglycerin. Which of the following adverse effects is not seen with this therapy? productive cough A client with osteoporosis is prescribed alendronate. What client education should the nurse provide to ensure optimal absorption of the medication? Advise the client to take the medication on an empty stomach with at least 8 oz of water. A nurse is caring for a client receiving patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). Which of the following interventions should the nurse take while caring for this client? Encourage the client to use the PCA before dressing changes. A client has been prescribed metoclopramide. Which of the following should the nurse include in client education regarding this medication? Notify your provider if you experience restlessness or spasms of the face or neck. A nurse is caring for a client prescribed the HMG CoA reductase inhibitor, atorvastatin. Which of the following should be monitored while this medication is prescribed? liver function tests A nurse have provided education to a client regarding prescribed levothyroxene sodium. What of the following client statements demonstrates understanding of medication administration? "I should take the medication in the morning to prevent insomnia." A nurse is providing care to a client with staphylococcus epidermidis, who is prescribed vancomycin. Identify the adverse effect associate with this antibiotic therapy? infusion reaction A nurse is caring for a client prescribed digoxin. Which the following should alert the nurse to possible digitalis toxicity? anorexia and weakness A client diagnosed with Parkinson's disease is prescribed levodopa. The nurse should instruct the client not to take over the counter pyridoxine supplements while taking this medication. true A nurse is administering 15,000 units of subcutaneous heparin. The amount available is heparin injection 30,000 units/mL. How many milliliters should the nurse administer per dose? (Round the answer to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero). 0.5 mL A 55-year-old client has levothyroxine ordered. Which of the below past medical history concerns may contraindicate with her medication management of hypothyroidism? osteoporosis Which of the following agents is used for motion sickness? Scopolamine Methotrexate blood levels are monitored to determine therapeutic dosing. The nurse knows that high-dose levels of methotrexate therapy can lead to __________ damage. liver A client with peptic ulcer disease takes cimetidine. Which of the below outcomes can occur if H2-receptor antagonists, such as cimetidine are taken long term? pneumonia Disulfiram is taken by a client daily for abstinence maintenance. What is an adverse effect of this therapy? Hepatoxicity A client taking lithium should be cautioned about drug interactions with which below medication? Fluoxetine Before administering blood products, which action should be taken? Assess the client's temperature. The nurse knows that a client with renal insufficiency should be reevaluated for best diabetic management, when it is noted the client is on metformin. What is the reason metformin is contraindicated for clients who have renal insufficiency? The medication increases the risk of lactic acidosis. A client prescribed the tricyclic antidepressant, amitriptyline has been on the medication for three weeks. The client vocalizes increased mood, but complains of anticholinergic effects. What is an example of an anticholingeric adverse effect? urinary retention