NURSING DL-F Final Exam Questions With Correct Answers 2023/2024 (Graded A+)

NURSING DL-F Final Exam Questions With Correct Answers 2023/2024 (Graded A+). Homogeneity is a principle that can be used to control extraneous variation from participant characteristics. What does homogeneity entail? Selected Answer: C. Not allowing important confounders to vary in the research sample Answers: A. Making the treatment conditions as homogeneous as possible B. Stratifying participants into homogeneous groups C. Not allowing important confounders to vary in the research sample D. Randomly assigning participants to homogeneous groups  Question 6 Researchers do not need to know in advance which extraneous variables need to be controlled if they use which procedure? Selected Answer: A. Randomization Answers: A. Randomization B. Statistical control C. Matching D. Stratifying  Question 7 A hypothetical condition embodying what would have happened to people if they were simultaneously exposed and not exposed to a cause is: Selected Answer: C. a counterfactual. Answers: A. a prognosis. B. an effect. C. a counterfactual. D. an etiology.  Question 8 There are several alternative strategies for controlling confounding participant characteristics. Which method is the most effective? Selected Answer: B. Randomization Answers: A. Blocking B. Randomization C. Homogeneity D. Matching  Question 9 What is the gold standard approach to analyzing data from a clinical trial when there is attrition from the study? Selected Answer: D. Intention-to-treat analysis Answers: A. Power analysis B. Analysis of covariance C. Per-protocol analysis D. Intention-to-treat analysis  Question 10 Which is a threat to the construct validity of a study testing an innovative intervention? Selected Answer: B. Novelty effects Answers: A. Testing effects B. Novelty effects C. History effects D. Instrumentation effects  Question 1 In a true experimental design, what does the researcher manipulate? Selected Answer: C. The independent variable Answers: A. The confounding variable B. The mediating variable C. The independent variable D. The dependent variable  Question 2 The success of randomization involves two factors, one of which is that the process is truly random. The second factor (strict adherence) can be enhanced through the use of: Selected Answer: B. allocation concealment. Answers: A. a table of random numbers. B. allocation concealment. C. complete randomization. D. simple randomization.  Question 3 In a crossover study, women with an overactive bladder were given either caffeinated beverages for a 2-week period or were told to drink non-caffeinated beverages exclusively for 2 weeks in randomized order of treatment. Regardless of treatment condition, the women in both groups reported less urgency of urinary voids than reported at baseline. Which effect might account for this? Selected Answer: C. Hawthorne effect Answers: A. Instrumentation effect B. Testing effect C. Hawthorne effect D. Compensatory effect  Question 4 Researchers do not need to know in advance which extraneous variables need to be controlled if they use which procedure? Selected Answer: A. Randomization Answers: A. Randomization B. Stratifying C. Matching D. Statistical control  Question 5 A researcher plans to test a fall-prevention intervention by gathering data in 10 sites, 5 of which will be implementing the intervention. If the 5 of the 10 sites are assigned at random to the intervention, what type of randomization is in use? Selected Answer: D. Cluster randomization Answers: A. Urn randomization B. Complete randomization C. Simple randomization D. Cluster randomization  Question 6 Nurse researchers randomly assigned 50 participants to be in a 3-month smoking cessation intervention and 50 to be in the control group. At the end of the study, there were 40 in the intervention group and 32 in the control group. Which threat to internal validity would be especially salient in this study? Selected Answer: B. Mortality Answers: A. Maturation B. Mortality C. Selection D. Temporal ambiguity  Question 7 Which threat is the most prominent to the internal validity of quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group designs? Selected Answer: A. Selection Answers: A. Selection B. Mortality C. Temporal ambiguity D. Maturation  Question 8 A nurse researcher tested the effect of a telephone intervention to support family caregivers of clients with Alzheimer’s disease. During the trial, the researcher undertook an assessment and found that staff were not following the established intervention procedures. The assessment focused on: Selected Answer: A. treatment fidelity. Answers: A. treatment fidelity. B. range restriction. C. attenuation. D. statistical power.  Question 9 Which statement is true? Selected Answer: B. The control group condition is a proxy for an ideal counterfactual. Answers: A. The control condition corresponds to the “I” in PICO-format questions. B. The control group condition is a proxy for an ideal counterfactual. C. Control groups never get the experimental intervention. D. The most common control group condition in nursing is a “no treatment” control group.  Question 10 A researcher collected cross-sectional data to estimate the percentage of community-dwelling older people who were at risk of malnutrition. What type of study is this? Selected Answer: B. A prevalence study Answers: A. A descriptive correlational study B. A prevalence study C. A path analytic study D. An incidence study  Question 1 Which strategy can achieve constancy of conditions in implementing a treatment? Selected Answer: C. Having standardized research protocols Answers: A. Maximizing precision B. Instituting manipulation checks C. Having standardized research protocols D. Using a homogeneous sample