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Summary Small Places Large Issues

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H1 t/m 8, h10 t/m 12 en h14 t/m h17 h19 (volgorde niet logisch)
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Samenvatting Eriksen - Small Places, Large Issue

Chapter 1 – Anthropology: comparison and context
 Antropologie onderzoekt de sociale en culturele variatie in de wereld, maar probeert ook
overeenkomsten tussen sociale systemen en menselijke relaties inzichtelijk te maken.
 Antropologie zoekt ook naar verbanden tussen verschillende aspecten van het menselijk
bestaan, meestal uitgaande van een specifiek lokaal leven in een samenleving.
o Dit waren lange tijd non-industriële, kleinschalige sociale omgevingen, maar kan
tegenwoordig op vrijwel elk sociaal systeem worden toegepast.

Terminologie
 Anthropos = mens; Logos = rede  antropologie = kennis van mensen
 Cultuur = de mogelijkheden, opvattingen en vormen van gedrag die personen hebben
aangenomen als leden van een samenleving.
o Enerzijds universeel: het onderscheidt ons van het dierenrijk
o Anderzijds uniek: verschillende mensen hebben een verschillende cultuur
o De term heeft echter veel meer facetten, en wordt dus erg kritisch gebruikt
 Cultuur duidt op de verkregen, cognitieve en symbolische aspecten van het bestaan
 Samenleving duidt op de sociale organisatie van het menselijke leven, interactiepatronen en
machtsrelaties.

Praktijk
 Vergelijkende studie van het culturele en sociale leven, gericht op verschillende dimensies.
 Uitgangspunt is veldwerk en observatie in een specifieke sociale setting.
 Etnografisch veldwerk richt zich op diepgaand onderzoek van één regio.
 Het is daarom comparatief en empirisch, zonder bias voor één samenleving.
 Het heeft zeker overlap met andere disciplines maar geeft net zo goed zijn eigen inbreng.

Universal versus the Particular
 To what extent do all humans, cultures or societies have something in common, and to what
extent is each of them unique?
 Nearly all societies have several features in common, but these features are rarely identical.
 To get a grip on this tension anthropology introduces ethnocentrism.

The problem of ethnocentrism
 Both society and culture must be understood on their own terms, separate from any universal
and shared scales. To understand the quality of life of a society one needs to fully understand
the inner workings of a society.
 This requires a “total” understanding of their worldly experience, not just selected variables.
 This makes ethnocentrism a danger (evaluating others from your own perspective and terms).
This denies others to be different, and presents an obstacle in our understanding.
 The opposite of this is cultural relativism (all societies and cultures are qualitatively different,
with their own unique inner logic). This is both impractical and undesirable as a personal ethical
principle, but stands at the core of the methodology of anthropology.

Chapter 2 – A brief history of anthropology
 Developed as academic discipline in the late 19th century, but not without forerunners in
geography, travel writing, philosophy and historiography.
 Anthropology has different background in different countries, and the history is therefore
never completely neutral and objective.
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