Stuarts Notes
AQA History A Level
,AQA History A Level.........................................................................1
Key Political Institutions............................................................................................................... 4
Key Religious Groups................................................................................................................... 4
King James I - Personality + Leadership.......................................................................................5
King James I - Court..................................................................................................................... 5
Charles I - Personality + Leadership............................................................................................ 5
Charles 1 - Court.......................................................................................................................... 6
Charles I - Early Reign.................................................................................................................. 6
James I - Finance......................................................................................................................... 6
Charles I - Finance....................................................................................................................... 7
James I - Religion......................................................................................................................... 7
James and Parliament.................................................................................................................. 7
Charles I and Parliament.............................................................................................................. 8
Charles I - Personal rule (1629-1640).......................................................................................... 8
Charles and religion (personal rule)............................................................................................. 8
Charles, politics and finance (personal rule)................................................................................9
Charles and Scotland (personal rule)........................................................................................... 9
The Bishops Wars (1639-1640).................................................................................................... 9
Charles I and Ireland (personal rule).......................................................................................... 10
The Short Parliament................................................................................................................. 10
The Long Parliament.................................................................................................................. 10
Petitions in the years 1640-1642...............................................................................................10
The Five Members Coup............................................................................................................ 11
Was there an appetite for war in 1642?.....................................................................................11
Early battles of the First Civil War.............................................................................................. 12
What led to Royalist defeat in the First Civil War?.....................................................................12
The New Model Army................................................................................................................. 12
End of the First Civil War........................................................................................................... 13
Divisions in Parliament.............................................................................................................. 13
The Newcastle Propositions (July 1646).....................................................................................13
The Levellers............................................................................................................................. 13
The Diggers............................................................................................................................... 14
The Fifth Monarchists................................................................................................................. 14
The Solemn Engagement........................................................................................................... 14
The Heads of Proposals.............................................................................................................. 14
The Second Civil War................................................................................................................. 14
Trial and Regicide...................................................................................................................... 15
Pride’s Purge.............................................................................................................................. 15
The Trial of Charles I.................................................................................................................. 15
Year Two........................................................................................ 16
The Consolidation of Power........................................................................................................ 16
,The Irish Campaign.................................................................................................................... 16
Charles Stuart and Scotland...................................................................................................... 16
Problems of the Rump............................................................................................................... 17
Why was the Rump Dissolved?..................................................................................................17
The Assembly of Saints.............................................................................................................. 17
The Instrument of Government.................................................................................................. 18
Cromwell as a Leader................................................................................................................ 18
The First Protectorate Parliament.............................................................................................. 18
The Rise of the Major Generals..................................................................................................18
The Humble Petition.................................................................................................................. 19
Why did the Republic Break Down in 1658-59? + Why was the Monarchy Restored in 1660?...19
To what extent was the Monarchy of 1640 Restored in 1660?...................................................20
Problems Faced by Charles II on his Restoration.......................................................................20
The Parliaments of Charles II..................................................................................................... 21
The Development of Parties....................................................................................................... 22
The Treaty of Dover................................................................................................................... 22
Charles II and Religion............................................................................................................... 22
Charles and Dissenters.............................................................................................................. 23
The Exclusion Crisis................................................................................................................... 23
Authoritarian Rule from 1681-1685...........................................................................................24
Death of Charles II..................................................................................................................... 24
James II...................................................................................................................................... 24
1685 Rebellions......................................................................................................................... 25
James’ First Parliament.............................................................................................................. 25
James and Ireland...................................................................................................................... 25
James and Scotland................................................................................................................... 25
James’ Declaration of Indulgence.............................................................................................. 25
Was James II an absolutist?....................................................................................................... 25
The Glorious Revolution............................................................................................................. 26
Was the Glorious Revolution Actually Revolutionary?................................................................26
Consolidation of the Revolution in Scotland...............................................................................27
Consolidation of the Revolution in Ireland.................................................................................27
Was the monarchy more limited as a result of 1688/9?.............................................................27
Party Politics in the Reign of William and Mary..........................................................................27
Religion Under William and Mary...............................................................................................28
William and Government........................................................................................................... 29
Parliaments of William............................................................................................................... 29
Act of Settlement 1701.............................................................................................................. 30
Religion by 1702........................................................................................................................ 30
, KEY POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS
The Monarchy
• Divine right of kings, chosen by God
• Primarily interacts with the nobles and Parliament
• Power limited to pretty much just controlling Parliament
• Created his own council to control Parliamentary decisions
The Church
• Controlled by the Monarch
• Controls news outlets
• Holds a lot of power
• Sets religious policy
The Royal Court
• A forum through which the monarch could be influenced and advised
• Members get close and sustained access to the Monarch
• Very personal role such as the Groom of The Stool who would go to the toilet with
the king
• Friends and nobility made up most of the court, they would often lobby to get their
families into more powerful positions
Local Government
• Mostly voluntary and unpaid
• Their effectiveness was dependent on the cooperation of the people and nobles
• Handled justice, volunteers attended court sessions to try minor crimes
• Included local Sheriffs and Constables
The House of Lords
• Made statute laws
• Initially had a bigger influence than the Commons
• Called and dismissed by the King at his will
• Have a big influence of local government
The House of Commons
• Powers of taxation
• Worked in a co-operative relationship with the Lords
• Restricted the power of the King in some cases
The Electorate
• 27% of adult males, mostly wealthy nobles
• Can vote for people in the Commons and other positions in Parliament
KEY RELIGIOUS GROUPS
Puritains
• Very devout protestants
• Believed in strict religious practice
• Became a foundation of the New Model Army
• Cromwell ran the country as Puritan when he was Lord Protector
Catholics
• Had been brutally oppressed under Elizabeth who ordered many to be burned alive
• Oppression started when England became Protestant under HenryVIII
• Charles’ wife Henrietta Maria was a Catholic, scared many people
• James was initially relatively nice to them, gunpowder plot destroyed the reputation
of all Catholics
AQA History A Level
,AQA History A Level.........................................................................1
Key Political Institutions............................................................................................................... 4
Key Religious Groups................................................................................................................... 4
King James I - Personality + Leadership.......................................................................................5
King James I - Court..................................................................................................................... 5
Charles I - Personality + Leadership............................................................................................ 5
Charles 1 - Court.......................................................................................................................... 6
Charles I - Early Reign.................................................................................................................. 6
James I - Finance......................................................................................................................... 6
Charles I - Finance....................................................................................................................... 7
James I - Religion......................................................................................................................... 7
James and Parliament.................................................................................................................. 7
Charles I and Parliament.............................................................................................................. 8
Charles I - Personal rule (1629-1640).......................................................................................... 8
Charles and religion (personal rule)............................................................................................. 8
Charles, politics and finance (personal rule)................................................................................9
Charles and Scotland (personal rule)........................................................................................... 9
The Bishops Wars (1639-1640).................................................................................................... 9
Charles I and Ireland (personal rule).......................................................................................... 10
The Short Parliament................................................................................................................. 10
The Long Parliament.................................................................................................................. 10
Petitions in the years 1640-1642...............................................................................................10
The Five Members Coup............................................................................................................ 11
Was there an appetite for war in 1642?.....................................................................................11
Early battles of the First Civil War.............................................................................................. 12
What led to Royalist defeat in the First Civil War?.....................................................................12
The New Model Army................................................................................................................. 12
End of the First Civil War........................................................................................................... 13
Divisions in Parliament.............................................................................................................. 13
The Newcastle Propositions (July 1646).....................................................................................13
The Levellers............................................................................................................................. 13
The Diggers............................................................................................................................... 14
The Fifth Monarchists................................................................................................................. 14
The Solemn Engagement........................................................................................................... 14
The Heads of Proposals.............................................................................................................. 14
The Second Civil War................................................................................................................. 14
Trial and Regicide...................................................................................................................... 15
Pride’s Purge.............................................................................................................................. 15
The Trial of Charles I.................................................................................................................. 15
Year Two........................................................................................ 16
The Consolidation of Power........................................................................................................ 16
,The Irish Campaign.................................................................................................................... 16
Charles Stuart and Scotland...................................................................................................... 16
Problems of the Rump............................................................................................................... 17
Why was the Rump Dissolved?..................................................................................................17
The Assembly of Saints.............................................................................................................. 17
The Instrument of Government.................................................................................................. 18
Cromwell as a Leader................................................................................................................ 18
The First Protectorate Parliament.............................................................................................. 18
The Rise of the Major Generals..................................................................................................18
The Humble Petition.................................................................................................................. 19
Why did the Republic Break Down in 1658-59? + Why was the Monarchy Restored in 1660?...19
To what extent was the Monarchy of 1640 Restored in 1660?...................................................20
Problems Faced by Charles II on his Restoration.......................................................................20
The Parliaments of Charles II..................................................................................................... 21
The Development of Parties....................................................................................................... 22
The Treaty of Dover................................................................................................................... 22
Charles II and Religion............................................................................................................... 22
Charles and Dissenters.............................................................................................................. 23
The Exclusion Crisis................................................................................................................... 23
Authoritarian Rule from 1681-1685...........................................................................................24
Death of Charles II..................................................................................................................... 24
James II...................................................................................................................................... 24
1685 Rebellions......................................................................................................................... 25
James’ First Parliament.............................................................................................................. 25
James and Ireland...................................................................................................................... 25
James and Scotland................................................................................................................... 25
James’ Declaration of Indulgence.............................................................................................. 25
Was James II an absolutist?....................................................................................................... 25
The Glorious Revolution............................................................................................................. 26
Was the Glorious Revolution Actually Revolutionary?................................................................26
Consolidation of the Revolution in Scotland...............................................................................27
Consolidation of the Revolution in Ireland.................................................................................27
Was the monarchy more limited as a result of 1688/9?.............................................................27
Party Politics in the Reign of William and Mary..........................................................................27
Religion Under William and Mary...............................................................................................28
William and Government........................................................................................................... 29
Parliaments of William............................................................................................................... 29
Act of Settlement 1701.............................................................................................................. 30
Religion by 1702........................................................................................................................ 30
, KEY POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS
The Monarchy
• Divine right of kings, chosen by God
• Primarily interacts with the nobles and Parliament
• Power limited to pretty much just controlling Parliament
• Created his own council to control Parliamentary decisions
The Church
• Controlled by the Monarch
• Controls news outlets
• Holds a lot of power
• Sets religious policy
The Royal Court
• A forum through which the monarch could be influenced and advised
• Members get close and sustained access to the Monarch
• Very personal role such as the Groom of The Stool who would go to the toilet with
the king
• Friends and nobility made up most of the court, they would often lobby to get their
families into more powerful positions
Local Government
• Mostly voluntary and unpaid
• Their effectiveness was dependent on the cooperation of the people and nobles
• Handled justice, volunteers attended court sessions to try minor crimes
• Included local Sheriffs and Constables
The House of Lords
• Made statute laws
• Initially had a bigger influence than the Commons
• Called and dismissed by the King at his will
• Have a big influence of local government
The House of Commons
• Powers of taxation
• Worked in a co-operative relationship with the Lords
• Restricted the power of the King in some cases
The Electorate
• 27% of adult males, mostly wealthy nobles
• Can vote for people in the Commons and other positions in Parliament
KEY RELIGIOUS GROUPS
Puritains
• Very devout protestants
• Believed in strict religious practice
• Became a foundation of the New Model Army
• Cromwell ran the country as Puritan when he was Lord Protector
Catholics
• Had been brutally oppressed under Elizabeth who ordered many to be burned alive
• Oppression started when England became Protestant under HenryVIII
• Charles’ wife Henrietta Maria was a Catholic, scared many people
• James was initially relatively nice to them, gunpowder plot destroyed the reputation
of all Catholics
