Lecture 1/2:
ELLS GENOMES Divina
in ceresHow THE
WITH
THEYINTERACT ENVSHOW
ti
cerescoordinateWI
EACH
OTHERTOForm as
Tissues organisms
OFLIFE
UNIT
CELLISTHEFUNDAMENTAL
WIENSHOWCELLSCOORDINATEWIEACHOTHER
INTERACTIONS
ELLPROVIDESSTRUCTURE FUNCTION
FOR
ALL LIVINGTHINGSFrom ToHomans
microorganisms
formofLIFETHATMAKESupAreLivingORGANISMS TissuesOF
smallest THEBODY
zmain
parts cenMEMBRANENucleuscytoplasm
Frounes
THEcendcontrols
THE
GoinaorofTHEcen
THAT
substances
ustoreinformationDNATHATISREADABLEINTERPRETEDBY THEINFORMATIONHANDLINGMACHINERYOFceres
HowDo storeINFORMATION GENETICINFOISCARRIEDINTHELINEARSEANCEOFNUCLEOTIDESinDNAEACHDNA
ceres coreisaDOUBLEHelixForm
more
FromacomplementarySTRANDSOFNUCLEOTIDESHELDTOGETHERBYHYDROGENBONDS G c dA TBASE
Pairs
NIVERSAL
FEATURESOFCELLS monomen TIDES
SINCE
TORE I
EA
ETITIBIETEMETFIATMEEEEEINST
ÉTÉmsThatcontainsGeneticinformationresponsibleForTheDevelopmentafunctionofANonanism
TO
GEN
FROMONE
INFOPASSED THE
NEXT
INFOIN
STORE DNA
TO
containsinstructionsANORGANISMNEEDS surviveREPRODUCE
went
DEVELOP
ERGANISMS
PRESENTIN ALL F ORMS ON
OFLIFE EARTHacontains
E orgasms
ACH
IN
Has porumersstrandsTHATRON OPPOSITEDIRECTIONSFORMINGDOUBLEHELIX
two
DNAaRNAPOM
MERSCOMPOSEDOFMONOMERSCALLEDNRA
TIDES
wantDEBondingBLOCKOFNUERACIDSDNARNA I
intro
GENBaseADENINEGUAN NETH MINEcytosineDNAADENINEGO uracilcytosineRNA
ANNE
n aphosphategroup
uso GanDeoxyriboseINDNAIRIBOSEINRNA
VASTRANDIDNACHAIN DNAISMADEOFTWOLINKEDSTRANDSTHATWINDAROUNDEACHOTHERTORESEMBLEATWISTEDLADDER DOUBLEHELIX
EACHSTRANDHasasugarPHOSPHATEBACKBONE
MM
GETapennea cytosinec GUANNEIG THYMINEIT
EAT
URE Z DnaiscopiedINCELLS BEFORECeeDiu
Genomes sON
i GENOMEmust I itsDNAsoTHAT
REPLICATE
copy
Thetwoparent
TenceresENDormTHIDENT
ice itsowncomme TEGENOME
VAREPLICATIONDNAMAKESAcopyOFITSELFDURINGCeeDivision
lunartheDoubleHeuxSTRUCTUREOFTHEDNAMore
cue
ThisiscarriedonBytaxi
case ENZYME THEANDROGEN
THATBREAKS Hou
BONDS NGTHEcomplimentaryBasesofDNATOGETHERcaat cae
2separationofTHESETwoSTRANDS
OFDNA S
CREATES SHAPEREPLICATION Ford muchactastemplatesForNEWDNASTRANDS
oneSTRAND3TosDirection TOWARDREPLICATIONFORKLEADINGSTRANDcontinuousREP
mother strandstos Direction Away FromREPLICATIONFORKLAGGINGSTRANDDiscontinuous DTOGETHERTO DNA
s'TGUNE
rep FORM
1RNAPRIMER FROM
P RODUCED Enzyme RNA TO
PrimaseBINDS END OFL strap
eaping primer start
is pointof T
DNA IES
TOLEADINGSTRANDADDINGNEWCOMPLEMENTARY NETEm Egga cTG to strandins tos
DNAPoum eraserims Diva Direction continuous
gasm
Riva
primers AREMADE BY Even
THE mea TO
BIND S
LAGGING TRAND
DISCONTINUED
SINCE TOBEJOINEDUPLATER
N EEDS
OKAZAKIFRAGMENTS ARETHENADDEDTOTHELAGGINGSTRANDINSTosDREN
IonceareBasesareMATCHEDAGTcae exonucleaseenzymestripsawayTHEprimers ThecansARE THENFEDBy complementary NOLEOTIDES
, NewSTRANDisPROOFREADTO MAKESURETHEREARE NOMISTAKESINNEW DNASEANCE
cease
Diva seasortheseanceOF TwocontinuousDOUBLESTRANDS
DNAINTO
OFDNAREPLICATION 2DNAmore
Iresort cuesOFONENEWdoneADCHAINofNorvo Tines
replicationissemiconservativeHAEISORIGINALHALF
DNA NEN DOUBLEHEX
TEDPOLYMERIZATIONUSINGASTRANDASATEMPLATETOMAKECOMPLIMENTARYSTRAND
Emma
DNAisDOUBLE
S TRANDED ONE
BUT ASATEMPLATEFORTRANSCRIPTION
SERVES
STRAND NCODING
template S TRAND
NTEMPLATESTRAND CODINGSTRANDSAMESEA
VENCE
TRANSCRIPTION TRANSLATION DURING
OCCUR DNAREPLICATION
it
kittens prosthetics
RFA Down
FOODIN
food
THEF
intowiniciouscomponents
ormOFpaymersBROKENDOWN TO
annoysis WATER
R EACTION Manmonths
ADDINGAMoreCUETO WATERFREEK KENINTOTwo PIECES FORMATIONFIFTIETH
MENDNAUNDERGOESHydrolysisLEADSTOTHE F ORMATIONOFASUGAR WEdPHOSPHORICACID
MOLE
WBREAKSBONDSTORELEASEENERGY
DNARNABREAKINTOPenrose acidBASES HDROVEINTOmonomericcompounds
Phosphoric
SUGAR
BREAKDOWN ITSSMALLERcomponents
STUFFINTO
SPLITTINGOFABOND THE
BY OF
ADDITION WATER
IF
MMM EATIN
reactionindentscombine
nappitionPOLYMERIZATION
chemicallytoProducePolymers
WCONDENSATION POLYMERIZATION
DDition
Me m w the tenofamast
dDOBEBONDS
y Nae
if
OF
ADDITION MONOMERSTRIPLE
REPEATED
noFormationwiByproduct
si
nÉÉÉÉIÉÉ
IIIIII FEET
I j
DIFFERENT
monomersARE THEBYPRODUCTREDTWO
ADDEDTOGETHERWITH ofmonomerstojoinalternatively H H
repeatercondensation Tm an onamono
memeon
EATURETT
ETTEN
MENA EYEp Tnomonomers
BEFOREcenDansonmitosis I
meiosis
RANSCRIPTION INFOINASTRANDOF INTOANEW
DNAISCOPIED CUEOFMESSENGER
MOE RNAmRNA
initiationEwe
NATIONTERMINATION
vitiation
FEATURE U
TRANSLATIONINFOENCODED INMESSENGERRNAmrna
protest Wtf
THEADDITIONofaminoacidsDuringTHE
Directs IntSs
extraDOGMADNARNASPROTEIN
intoonen
Genetic trowsinoneDirection
, EATORE 5
LASTAMEMBRANEMEMBRANEFOND
INAnCELLSTHATSEPARATESTHEINTERIOROF
THE DEEN
FromTHENISI
CELL
protectionforcen
mFixerenvinsincere
andBilayerTHATissemiPERMEABLE
regulatesthe I THEEL
OFMATERIALSENTERINGEXITING
Transport
INTHEMEWES
AMPHIPHILIC
torictwotans
prop
PondHEAD tin
propanewater
tin conepourEND Phospholipase
Humortoric
water
native por
non arer
ROKARYOTES EUKARYOTES
cargoesNO
Roi MEMBRANE
B OUNDORGANELLES
once
wearoranSmsNo BotDNAinno
anciens aeoncenwareDNAcircularsmartnomitoconaria
NicaryotesMEMBRANEBOUND ON
O RGANELLES KEVLAR CENArorgasms cen wa PRESENTABSENTwarsDNALINEARLARGEmito
MUTI comma
G
BOTHDNA RNA ARE
POLYMERASE INTHESToaDIRECTION
mitosisd DNAREPLICATION
MEIOSISAFTER
d
polymerase AREDIFFERENT
REACTION
POLYMERIZATION
ELLS GENOMES Divina
in ceresHow THE
WITH
THEYINTERACT ENVSHOW
ti
cerescoordinateWI
EACH
OTHERTOForm as
Tissues organisms
OFLIFE
UNIT
CELLISTHEFUNDAMENTAL
WIENSHOWCELLSCOORDINATEWIEACHOTHER
INTERACTIONS
ELLPROVIDESSTRUCTURE FUNCTION
FOR
ALL LIVINGTHINGSFrom ToHomans
microorganisms
formofLIFETHATMAKESupAreLivingORGANISMS TissuesOF
smallest THEBODY
zmain
parts cenMEMBRANENucleuscytoplasm
Frounes
THEcendcontrols
THE
GoinaorofTHEcen
THAT
substances
ustoreinformationDNATHATISREADABLEINTERPRETEDBY THEINFORMATIONHANDLINGMACHINERYOFceres
HowDo storeINFORMATION GENETICINFOISCARRIEDINTHELINEARSEANCEOFNUCLEOTIDESinDNAEACHDNA
ceres coreisaDOUBLEHelixForm
more
FromacomplementarySTRANDSOFNUCLEOTIDESHELDTOGETHERBYHYDROGENBONDS G c dA TBASE
Pairs
NIVERSAL
FEATURESOFCELLS monomen TIDES
SINCE
TORE I
EA
ETITIBIETEMETFIATMEEEEEINST
ÉTÉmsThatcontainsGeneticinformationresponsibleForTheDevelopmentafunctionofANonanism
TO
GEN
FROMONE
INFOPASSED THE
NEXT
INFOIN
STORE DNA
TO
containsinstructionsANORGANISMNEEDS surviveREPRODUCE
went
DEVELOP
ERGANISMS
PRESENTIN ALL F ORMS ON
OFLIFE EARTHacontains
E orgasms
ACH
IN
Has porumersstrandsTHATRON OPPOSITEDIRECTIONSFORMINGDOUBLEHELIX
two
DNAaRNAPOM
MERSCOMPOSEDOFMONOMERSCALLEDNRA
TIDES
wantDEBondingBLOCKOFNUERACIDSDNARNA I
intro
GENBaseADENINEGUAN NETH MINEcytosineDNAADENINEGO uracilcytosineRNA
ANNE
n aphosphategroup
uso GanDeoxyriboseINDNAIRIBOSEINRNA
VASTRANDIDNACHAIN DNAISMADEOFTWOLINKEDSTRANDSTHATWINDAROUNDEACHOTHERTORESEMBLEATWISTEDLADDER DOUBLEHELIX
EACHSTRANDHasasugarPHOSPHATEBACKBONE
MM
GETapennea cytosinec GUANNEIG THYMINEIT
EAT
URE Z DnaiscopiedINCELLS BEFORECeeDiu
Genomes sON
i GENOMEmust I itsDNAsoTHAT
REPLICATE
copy
Thetwoparent
TenceresENDormTHIDENT
ice itsowncomme TEGENOME
VAREPLICATIONDNAMAKESAcopyOFITSELFDURINGCeeDivision
lunartheDoubleHeuxSTRUCTUREOFTHEDNAMore
cue
ThisiscarriedonBytaxi
case ENZYME THEANDROGEN
THATBREAKS Hou
BONDS NGTHEcomplimentaryBasesofDNATOGETHERcaat cae
2separationofTHESETwoSTRANDS
OFDNA S
CREATES SHAPEREPLICATION Ford muchactastemplatesForNEWDNASTRANDS
oneSTRAND3TosDirection TOWARDREPLICATIONFORKLEADINGSTRANDcontinuousREP
mother strandstos Direction Away FromREPLICATIONFORKLAGGINGSTRANDDiscontinuous DTOGETHERTO DNA
s'TGUNE
rep FORM
1RNAPRIMER FROM
P RODUCED Enzyme RNA TO
PrimaseBINDS END OFL strap
eaping primer start
is pointof T
DNA IES
TOLEADINGSTRANDADDINGNEWCOMPLEMENTARY NETEm Egga cTG to strandins tos
DNAPoum eraserims Diva Direction continuous
gasm
Riva
primers AREMADE BY Even
THE mea TO
BIND S
LAGGING TRAND
DISCONTINUED
SINCE TOBEJOINEDUPLATER
N EEDS
OKAZAKIFRAGMENTS ARETHENADDEDTOTHELAGGINGSTRANDINSTosDREN
IonceareBasesareMATCHEDAGTcae exonucleaseenzymestripsawayTHEprimers ThecansARE THENFEDBy complementary NOLEOTIDES
, NewSTRANDisPROOFREADTO MAKESURETHEREARE NOMISTAKESINNEW DNASEANCE
cease
Diva seasortheseanceOF TwocontinuousDOUBLESTRANDS
DNAINTO
OFDNAREPLICATION 2DNAmore
Iresort cuesOFONENEWdoneADCHAINofNorvo Tines
replicationissemiconservativeHAEISORIGINALHALF
DNA NEN DOUBLEHEX
TEDPOLYMERIZATIONUSINGASTRANDASATEMPLATETOMAKECOMPLIMENTARYSTRAND
Emma
DNAisDOUBLE
S TRANDED ONE
BUT ASATEMPLATEFORTRANSCRIPTION
SERVES
STRAND NCODING
template S TRAND
NTEMPLATESTRAND CODINGSTRANDSAMESEA
VENCE
TRANSCRIPTION TRANSLATION DURING
OCCUR DNAREPLICATION
it
kittens prosthetics
RFA Down
FOODIN
food
THEF
intowiniciouscomponents
ormOFpaymersBROKENDOWN TO
annoysis WATER
R EACTION Manmonths
ADDINGAMoreCUETO WATERFREEK KENINTOTwo PIECES FORMATIONFIFTIETH
MENDNAUNDERGOESHydrolysisLEADSTOTHE F ORMATIONOFASUGAR WEdPHOSPHORICACID
MOLE
WBREAKSBONDSTORELEASEENERGY
DNARNABREAKINTOPenrose acidBASES HDROVEINTOmonomericcompounds
Phosphoric
SUGAR
BREAKDOWN ITSSMALLERcomponents
STUFFINTO
SPLITTINGOFABOND THE
BY OF
ADDITION WATER
IF
MMM EATIN
reactionindentscombine
nappitionPOLYMERIZATION
chemicallytoProducePolymers
WCONDENSATION POLYMERIZATION
DDition
Me m w the tenofamast
dDOBEBONDS
y Nae
if
OF
ADDITION MONOMERSTRIPLE
REPEATED
noFormationwiByproduct
si
nÉÉÉÉIÉÉ
IIIIII FEET
I j
DIFFERENT
monomersARE THEBYPRODUCTREDTWO
ADDEDTOGETHERWITH ofmonomerstojoinalternatively H H
repeatercondensation Tm an onamono
memeon
EATURETT
ETTEN
MENA EYEp Tnomonomers
BEFOREcenDansonmitosis I
meiosis
RANSCRIPTION INFOINASTRANDOF INTOANEW
DNAISCOPIED CUEOFMESSENGER
MOE RNAmRNA
initiationEwe
NATIONTERMINATION
vitiation
FEATURE U
TRANSLATIONINFOENCODED INMESSENGERRNAmrna
protest Wtf
THEADDITIONofaminoacidsDuringTHE
Directs IntSs
extraDOGMADNARNASPROTEIN
intoonen
Genetic trowsinoneDirection
, EATORE 5
LASTAMEMBRANEMEMBRANEFOND
INAnCELLSTHATSEPARATESTHEINTERIOROF
THE DEEN
FromTHENISI
CELL
protectionforcen
mFixerenvinsincere
andBilayerTHATissemiPERMEABLE
regulatesthe I THEEL
OFMATERIALSENTERINGEXITING
Transport
INTHEMEWES
AMPHIPHILIC
torictwotans
prop
PondHEAD tin
propanewater
tin conepourEND Phospholipase
Humortoric
water
native por
non arer
ROKARYOTES EUKARYOTES
cargoesNO
Roi MEMBRANE
B OUNDORGANELLES
once
wearoranSmsNo BotDNAinno
anciens aeoncenwareDNAcircularsmartnomitoconaria
NicaryotesMEMBRANEBOUND ON
O RGANELLES KEVLAR CENArorgasms cen wa PRESENTABSENTwarsDNALINEARLARGEmito
MUTI comma
G
BOTHDNA RNA ARE
POLYMERASE INTHESToaDIRECTION
mitosisd DNAREPLICATION
MEIOSISAFTER
d
polymerase AREDIFFERENT
REACTION
POLYMERIZATION
