Nursing 180- Module 2 Test-Perfusion Questions and Correct Answers

Nursing 180- Module 2 Test-Perfusion Questions and Correct Answers HTN nursing care - D-aily weight I & O U-rine output R-esponse of BP E-lectrolytes T-ake Pulses I-schemic episodes (TIA) C-omplications (the 4 C's) - CAD. - CRF. - CHF. - CVA moderate ETOH, restrict caffeine and tobacco, relaxation techniques, reduce weight, reduce Na Preload - Amount of blood in left ventricle at end of diastole Afterload - Pressure or resistance against which the ventricles must pump to eject blood CAD - Abnormal accumulation of elements along inner walls of coronary arteries = thickening/loss of elasticity/calcification of arterial walls = decreased blood flow to heart CAD causes/ risk factors - Causes: plaque/cholesterol -Modifiable risks: DM, HTN, Tobacco, sedentary life, obesity, stress, elevates lipid levels - Non-modifiable: Age, gender, race, family Hx, genes CAD Management - Goal: decrease O2 demand &/or increase O2 supply Antianginals - Beta blockers(decrease stimulation=decrease workload) - Nitrates(vasodilation) =NTG (keep out of light, 3 month, tingle under tongue & H/A=potent, max of 3 prn doses b/c of possible hypotension & hiding of severe symptoms) - CCBs (vasodilator) Antiplatelet Thrombolytic Anticoagulants Antilipidemics Therapies: PTCA, stents, CABG Post Op Nursing Diagnosis - decreased CO, impaired gas exchange, pain, risk for infection, altered tissue perfusion, risk for altered nutrition (prevent constipation), activity intolerance (fatigue CHF - Decreased pumping effect of the heart when heart is no longer able to compensate = failure to pump blood forward to tissues, blood backs up (heart cant keep up w/ workload) - CAD: MI = damage to vessels = ischemia/damage/death = effects contractility(SV) - Valvular Dx: fluid overload = preload = SV -Inflammatory heart Dx: constrictive effects = contractility problems - Arrhythmias: = HR problems Left sided Heart Failure - Less blood moving forward to: - periphery - kidneys - GI - Heart muscle More blood backs up in: -Lungs-Flash Pulmonary Edema S/Sx: - PND - cough - crackles - wheezing - tachypnea - blood tinged sputum - confusion - tachycardia - fatigue - cyanosis - DOE - restlessness Right sided Heart Failure - Less blood moving forward to: - Lungs More blood backs up in: - Venous system S/sx: - fatigue - ascites - enlarged liver/spleen - JVD - GI distress/ anorexia - dependent edema - hands/feet swelling