NUR 180 Module 1 Delaware Tech Questions with Correct Answers

What function do the kidney's have on the body? - -control fluid and electrolyte balance -control acid-base balance -help control BP Acute Kidney Failure - -Occurs suddenly -Usually reversible -Reduction in blood flow/damage to kidneys' nephrons Chronic Kidney Failure - -Occurs slowly- irreversible -Caused by: chronaic glomerular disease, chronic infections, vascular diseases (HTN) -Nephrotoxic drugs -Diabetes Mellitus PRERENAL- 1st part of acute renal failure - Sudden/severe drop in BP, blood flow is interrupted to the kidneys causing injury/illness INTRARENAL- 2nd part of acute renal failure - Direct damage to the kidneys by, -toxins -drugs -infection -reduced blood supply POSTRENAL- 3rd part of actue renal failure - sudden obstruction in urine flow. caused by, -enlarged prostate -kidney stones -bladder tumor -injury Pre renal failure PHASE 1 - oliguric- decrease in urine output anuric- absence of urine Phase last 1 to 2 weeks Pre renal failure PHASE 2 - diurectic- increase in blood flow, increase in urine output Phase last 10 days Pre renal failure PHASE 3 - fluid/electrolyes balance back May have slight kidney damage for rest of life Intrarenal ARF - acute damage to the kidneys May follow prerenal failure Caused by: nephrotoxins (heavy metals, NSAIDS, antibiotics, eclampsia, malignant hypertension Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN) - causing a decline in renal failure -may cause Ischemia Major surgery Severe trauma Fluid loss PHASE 1 OF ATN - initiation phase-starts off as a hemorrhage ends with tubular injury PHASE 2 of ATN - Maintenance Phase -oliguria may develop, edema i-ncreased lab values -anemia may develop PHASE 3 OF ATN - -repair of tubule