HESI RN PHAMACOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 2023 LATEST UPDATE

HESI RN PHAMACOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 2023 LATEST UPDATE HESI RN PHAM   1. The health care provider prescribes carbamazepine for a child whose tonic-clonic seizures have been poorly controlled. The nurse informs the mother that the child must have blood tests every week. The mother asks why so many blood tests are necessary. Which complication is assessed through frequent laboratory testing that the nurse should explain to this mother?  Myelosuppression 2. A client is prescribed a cholinesterase inhibitor, and a family member asks the nurse how this medication works. Which pharmacophysiologic explanation should the nurse use to describe this class of drug?  Improves nerve impulse transmission 3. A client is ordered 22 mg of gentamicin by IM injection. The drug is available in 20 mg/2 mL. How many milliliters should be administered?  2.2 mL 4. In addition to nitrate therapy, a client is receiving nifedipine, 10 mg PO every 6 hours. The nurse should plan to observe for which common side effect of this treatment regimen?  Hypotension 5. Which response best supports the observations that the nurse identifies in a client who is experiencing a placebo effect?  Psychological response to inert medication 6. A 42-year-old client is admitted to the emergency department after taking an overdose of amitriptyline in a suicide attempt. Which drug should the nurse plan to administer to reverse the cardiac and central nervous system effects of amitriptyline?  Sodium bicarbonate 7. A 67-year-old client is discharged from the hospital with a prescription for digoxin, 0.25 mg daily. Which instruction should the nurse include in this client's discharge teaching plan?  Take and record radial pulse rate daily. 8. A 55-year-old client was diagnosed with schizophrenia 5 years earlier. Numerous hospitalizations have occurred since the diagnosis because of noncompliance with the prescribed medication regimen. Which drug might work best for this particular client?  Fluphenazine decanoate 9. A client is being discharged with a prescription for sulfasalazine to treat ulcerative colitis. Which instruction should the nurse provide to this client prior to discharge?  Drink at least eight glasses of fluid a day 10. Amoxicillin, 500 mg PO every 8 hours, is prescribed for a client with an infection. The drug is available in a suspension of 125 mg/5 mL. How many milliliters should the nurse administer with each dose?  20 mL 11. A client with acute lymphocytic leukemia is to begin chemotherapy today. The health care provider's prescription specifies that ondansetron is to be administered IV 30 minutes prior to the infusion of cisplatin. What is the rationale for administering Zofran prior to the chemotherapy induction?  Reduction or elimination of nausea and vomiting 12. A client with chronic gouty arthritis is talking allopurinol, 100 mg PO daily. Which laboratory serum level should the nurse report to the health care provider to determine the therapeutic outcome?  Uric acid level 13. The nurse is reviewing prescribed medications with a female client who is preparing for discharge. The client asks the nurse why the oral dose of an opioid analgesic is higher than the IV dose that she received during hospitalization. Which response is best for the nurse to provide?  Oral forms of drugs must pass through the liver first, where more of the dose is metabolized. 14. The nurse performs a client assessment prior to the administration of a prescribed dose of dipyridamole and aspirin PO. The nurse notes that the client's carotid bruit is louder than previously assessed. Which action should the nurse implement?  Administer the prescribed dose as scheduled. 15. A client experiencing dysrhythmias is given quinidine, 300 mg PO every 6 hours. The nurse plans to observe this client for which common side effect associated with the use of this medication?  Diarrhea 16. A male client with prostatic carcinoma has arrived for his scheduled dose of docetaxel chemotherapy. What symptom would indicate a need for an immediate response by the nurse prior to implementing another dose of this chemotherapeutic agent?  A cough that is new and persistent 17. The nurse is preparing to administer a secondary infusion of a dobutamine solution to a client. The nurse notes that the solution is brown in color. Which action should the nurse implement?  Administer the drug if the solution's reconstitution time is <24 hours. 18. Which instruction should the nurse include in the teaching plan for a client who is receiving phenytoin for seizure control?  Brush and floss teeth daily. 19. When providing client teaching about the administration of methylphenidate (Ritalin) to a parent of a child diagnosed with ADHD, which instruction should the nurse include in the teaching plan?  Offer the child the medication with breakfast and after the child eats lunch. 20. A primigravida at 34 weeks of gestation is admitted to labor and delivery in preterm labor. She is started on a terbutaline sulfate continuous IV infusion via pump. This therapy is ineffective, and the baby is delivered vaginally. For which complication should the nurse monitor in this infant during the first few hours after delivery?  Hypoglycemia 21. In administering the antiinfective agent chloramphenicol IV to a client with bacterial meningitis, the nurse observes the client closely for signs of bone marrow depression. Which laboratory data would be most important for the nurse to monitor?  Platelet count 22. A client is experiencing an adverse effect of the gastrointestinal stimulant metoclopramide HCl. Which assessment finding would require immediate intervention by the nurse?  Demonstrates Parkinson-like symptoms, such as cogwheel rigidity. 23. The nurse is scheduling a client's antibiotic peak and trough levels with the laboratory personnel. What is the best schedule for drawing the trough level?  Instruct the laboratory to draw the trough immediately before the next scheduled dose. 24. A client who is HIV-positive is receiving combination therapy with the antiviral medication zidovudine. Which instruction should the nurse include in this client's teaching plan?  Return to the clinic every 2 weeks for blood counts. 25. To evaluate whether the administration of an antihypertensive medication has caused a therapeutic effect, which action should the nurse implement?  Compare the client's blood pressure before and after the client takes the medication. 26. A female client with myasthenia gravis is taking a cholinesterase inhibitor and asks the nurse what can be done to remedy her fatigue and difficulty swallowing. What action should the nurse implement?  Develop a teaching plan for the client to self-adjust the dose of medication in response to symptoms. 27. The health care provider prescribes oral contraceptives for a client who wants to prevent pregnancy. Which information is the most important for the nurse to provide to this client?  Take one pill at the same time every day until all the pills are gone. 28. Dopamine is administered to a client who is hypotensive. Which finding should the nurse identify as a therapeutic response?  Increase in urine output . 29. A female client is receiving tamoxifen following surgery for breast cancer. She reports the onset of hot flashes to the nurse. Which intervention should the nurse implement?  Instruct the client that hot flashes are a side effect that often occurs with the use of this medication. 30. In developing a nursing care plan for a 9-month-old infant with cystic fibrosis, the nurse writes a nursing diagnosis of alteration in nutrition: less than body requirements, related to inadequate digestion of nutrients. Which intervention would best meet this child's needs?  Give pancrelipase capsule mixed with applesauce before each meal. 31. The nurse is preparing to administer amphotericin B IV to a client. What laboratory data is most important for the nurse to assess before initiating an IV infusion of this medication?  Serum potassium level 32. The health care provider prescribes cisplatin to be administered in 5% dextrose and 0.45% normal saline with mannitol added. Which assessment parameters would be most helpful to the nurse in evaluating the effectiveness of the therapy?  Urine output 33. Which statement indicates that client teaching regarding the administration of the chemotherapeutic agent daunorubicin HCl has been effective?  "I expect my urine to be red for the next few days." 34. Which question should the nurse ask a client prior to the initiation of treatment with IV infusions of gentamicin sulfate?  "Are you having difficulty hearing?" 35. A child with cystic fibrosis is receiving ticarcillin disodium for Pseudomonas pneumonia. For which adverse effect should the nurse assess and report promptly to the health care provider?  Petechiae 36. A client has a positive skin test for tuberculosis. Which prophylactic drug should the nurse expect to administer to this client?  Isoniazid 37. The nurse notes that the hemoglobin level of a client receiving darbepoetin alfa has increased from 6 to 10 g/dL over the first 2 weeks of treatment. Which action should the nurse take?  Notify the health care provider of the change in the client's laboratory values. 38. During the initial nursing assessment history, a client tells the nurse that he is taking tetracycline hydrochloride for urethritis. The nurse is most concerned if the client reports taking which medication concurrently?  Sucralfate 39. A client with metastatic cancer who has been receiving fentanyl for several weeks reports to the nurse that the medication is not effectively controlling the pain. Which intervention should the nurse initiate?  Notify the health care provider of the need to increase the dose. 40. A client being treated for an acute myocardial infarction is to receive the tissue plasminogen activator alteplase. The nurse would be correct in providing which explanation to the client regarding the purpose of this drug?  This drug is a clot buster that dissolves clots within a coronary artery. 41. A client with angina pectoris is instructed to take sublingual nitroglycerin tablets PRN for chest pain. Which instruction should the nurse include in the client's teaching plan?  Take one tablet at the onset of angina and stop activity. 42. The nurse is preparing a plan of care for a client receiving the glucocorticoid methylprednisolone. Which nursing diagnosis reflects a problem related to this medication that should be included in the care plan?  Risk for infection 43. The nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client who has received a prescription for an antibiotic that is hepatotoxic. Which information should the nurse include in the instructions?  Avoid ingesting any alcohol or acetaminophen. 44. When providing nursing care for a client receiving pyridostigmine bromide for myasthenia gravis, which nursing intervention has the highest priority?  Assess respiratory status and breath sounds often. 45. Minocycline, 50 mg PO every 8 hours, is prescribed for an adolescent girl diagnosed with acne. The nurse discusses self-care with the client while she is taking the medication. Which teaching points should be included in the discussion? (Select all that apply.) Report vaginal itching or discharge. Protect skin from natural and artificial ultraviolet light. Avoid driving until response to medication is known. Use a nonhormonal method of contraception if sexually active. 46. Which nursing intervention has the highest priority during IV administration of mechlorethamine HCl and actinomycin?  Assess for extravasation at the IV site during infusion. 47. Methenamine mandelate is prescribed for a client with a urinary tract infection and renal calculi. Which finding indicates to the nurse that the medication is effective?  The frequency of urinary tract infections decreases. 48. Methylphenidate is prescribed for daily administration to a 10-year-old child with attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In preparing a teaching plan for the parents of this child newly diagnosed with ADHD, which instruction is most important for the nurse to provide to the parents?  Administer the medication in the morning before the child goes to school. 49. Following the administration of sublingual nitroglycerin, which assessment finding indicates that the medication was effective?  Decrease in level of chest pain 50. A client who is receiving chlorpromazine HCl to control his psychotic behavior also has a prescription for benztropine. When teaching the client and/or significant others about these medications, what should the nurse explain about the use of benztropine in the treatment plan for this client?  The benztropine is used to control extrapyramidal symptoms. 51. A client who arrives in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) after surgery is not awake from general anesthesia. Which action should the nurse implement first?  Review the medication administration record (MAR). 52. The charge nurse is reviewing the admission history and physical data for four clients newly admitted to the unit. Which client is at greatest risk for adverse reactions to medications?  75-year-old woman with liver disease 53. A client with viral influenza is receiving vitamin C, 1000 mg PO daily, and acetaminophen elixir, 650 mg PO every 4 hours PRN. The nurse calls the health care provider to report that the client has developed diarrhea. Which change in prescriptions should the nurse anticipate?  Decrease the dose of vitamin C. 54. The nurse is preparing to apply a surface anesthetic agent for a client. Which action should the nurse implement to reduce the risk of systemic absorption?  Avoid abraded skin areas when applying the anesthetic. 55. A client is taking famotidine. Which client statement should the nurse further assess because it may indicate that the client is experiencing a side effect of this drug?  "I seem to be having difficulty thinking clearly."