Kidney failure Nclex Questions with correct answers

A client with acute renal failure develops sever hyperkalemia. What would the nurse anticipate to be used to treat this imbalance? 1) Furosemide (Lasix) 2) Amphojel (aluminum hydroxide) 3) 50% glucose and regular insulin 4) Epoetin (Procrit) - Answer 3: Hyperkalemia can develop into an emergency situation (Cardia Arrest). It is important to quickly move the potassium back into the cells by administering 50% glucose and regular insulin, usually in conjunction with some type of base to correct the acidosis, such as sodium bicarbonate or calcium gluconate given IV. Insulin assists in the movement of potassium into the cells and helps to reduce the serum potassium level. Amphojel is used for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia that occurs with ARF. Procrit is used for the treatment of anemia caused by a decrease in erythropoietin production by the kidneys. A diuretic, such as Lasix, may lead to a loss of potassium, but the rate is too slow. A cllient with chronic renal failure has been prescribed calcium carbonate. What is the rationale for this particular medication? 1) Diminishes incidence of gastric ulcer formation 2) Alleviates constipation 3) Binds with phosphorus to lower concentration 4) Increase tubular reabsorption of sodium - Answer 3: Clients with ARF have hyperphosphatemia. Clients are prescribed calcium-based phosphate binders to improve excretion of phosphorus.