NASM CPT -7th Edition Questions and Answers updated latest 2023

NASM CPT -7th Edition Questions and Answers updated latest 2023 Obesity BMI of 30 or higher Overweight BMI over 25 OPT Model stabilization-strength endurance-muscular development-max strength-power Acute Disease symptoms develop rapidly Chronic Disease persists for long duration, cannot be cured altogether LDL cholesterol Bad- Should be less than 100 HDL cholesterol Good- Should be kept around 60 Type 1 Diabetes Genetic- cannot prevented Type 2 Diabetes obesity is a primary indicator, insulin resistant COPD Chronic respiratory dysfunctions. Brisk walk can be one of the best forms of exercise for them. LPHC lumbo-pelvic-hip complex 4 P's of Marketing Product, Price, Place, Promotion SWOT Analysis strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats Extrinsic Motivation External- for others or reward Intrinsic Motivation Internal-- comes from within BCT Behavior Change Techniques- client interventions that are used to change some determinant of behavior Stages of Change Model precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance SMART goals Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Timely Troponin protein structure that is important for muscular contractions by providing a binding state Neurotransmitters chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons motor function The neuromuscular response to the sensory information (like when a person walks differently from sidewalk to sand) somatic nervous system largely responsible for voluntary control of movement autonomic nervous system the part of the PNS that supplies input to organs (involuntary processes). sympathetic nervous system "fight or flight"- more excited state parasympathetic nervous system "rest & digest"- more relaxed state 3 primary nervous system functions sensory, integrative, motor functions sensory nervous system function ability to sense changes integrative nervous system function interprets sensory info Proprioception our internal sense of body position or orientation axial skeleton skull, rib cage, and vertebral column- aprox 80 bones appendicular skeleton arms, legs, pelvic girdle- aprox 126 bones Skeletal Depressions flattened or indented portions of bone Skeletal Processes Projections from bone where tendons & ligaments can attach Neuron specialized cell; the functional unit of the nervous system Nucleus Control center of the cell- contains majority of genetic material Organelles A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell Mitochondria Powerhouse of the cell- uses nutrients to create energy Electrolytes minerals that have an electrical charge (sodium potassium, magnesium, water) CNS central nervous system PNS peripheral nervous system Afferent Pathway pathway that relays information to the CNS from the PNS muscle spindles receptors sensitive to change in length of the muscle and the rate of that change Golgi tendon organs Receptors sensitive to change in tension of the muscle and the rate of that change Neuroplasticity the ability within the brain to constantly change or grow Neurocircuitry Interconnection of neurons in brain & spinal cord Levers Rigid rods where muscles attach Remodeling process that bone is constantly renewed Osteoclasts cells that break down & remove bone tissue Osteoblasts form & lay down new bone tissue vertebral column cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx Cervical Spine c1-c7 (7) Thoracic Spine t1-t12 (12) Lumbar Spine l1-l5 (5) Sacrum 5 fused vertebrae Coccyx 3-5 small fused bones (tailbone) Osteokinematics bone movement (movement of limb) Athrokinematics joint movement (roll, slide, spin) synovial joints joints with fluid filled capsule nonaxial joints only one movement- either back & forth or side to side uniaxial joint hinge joint (elbow, toe, ankle) saddle joint thumb joint- only carpometacarpal pivot joint base of skull, elbow ball & socket joints most mobile, movement in all three directions (hip, shoulder) Nonsynovial joints little to no movement (sutures of skull) Ligaments Connect bone to bone (torn or stretched =sprain)