ISA Arborist Chapter 8: Pruning Latest 2023 Graded A+

ISA Arborist Chapter 8: Pruning Latest 2023 Graded A+ Because pruning removes leaves and reduces the overall photosynthetic capacity of a tree, it also reduces _______. growth Name five common reasons for removing limbs from trees. dead diseased hazardous crossing thinning for light or air penetration weight reduction size reduction obstructing signs, views, clearance, etc. To maximize flowering, plants that bloom on current season's wood should be pruned prior to ______ ______, or in the summer after bloom has occurred. Plants that bloom on last season's wood should be pruned just after ______. leaf emergence bloom True/False - Trees that tend to "bleed" should never be pruned in the early spring because doing so is likely to cause a major decline in vigor. False ______ ______ is bark that gets pushed inside the branch union as two branches grow and develop. included bark The swollen area at the base of a branch where it arises from the trunk is called the ______ ______. branch collar Two limbs that arise from apical buds on the same stem are known as ______ ______, and are both direct extensions of the stem below. codominant stems/branches True/False - In the absence of included bark, the relative size of a branch in relation to the trunk is more important for strength of branch attachment than is the angle of attachment. True True/False - Codominant stems can represent a structurally unstable branch configuration, especially if there is included bark in the junction. True When training young trees, a single central leader should be selected and competing leaders should be removed or ______. subordinated True/False - As a general rule, mature trees are less tolerant of severe pruning than juvenile trees. True When practical, temporary lower branches should be left on a young tree to help develop trunk ______. taper When pruning palms, if older, live fronds must be removed, avoid removing fronds that initiate above ______. horizontal ______ ______ is the removal of dead, dying, and weak branches from a tree. crown cleaning True/False - Even the removal of 25 percent of the canopy of a large, mature tree can be stressful to the tree. True ______ includes crown cleaning as well as selective removal of branches to increase light penetration and air movement into the crown of the tree. thinning Caution must be taken not to create an effect known as ______ ______, which is caused by excessive removal of inner laterals and foliage. lion tailing Three adverse effects of lion tailing are... uneven foliage distribution sunburned bark tissue weakened branch structure ______ is best accomplished by cutting limbs back to laterals that are large enough to sustain the remaining branch and assume the terminal role. reduction Three adverse effects of topping include... excessive watersprout development weak branch attachment unnatural growth form Pruning when trees are ______ can minimize the risk of pest problems associated with wound entry and allow trees to take advantage of the full growing season to begin closing and compartmentalizing wounds. dormant True/False - Research on wound dressings shows that their use prevents decay. False ______ ______ ______ are substances, usually effective in small quantities, which enhance or alter the growth and development of a plant. Plant growth regulators Name two ways plant growth regulators are used by arborists. reduce growth restrict sucker growth When pruning young trees, it is important to train for a dominant leader and well-spaced scaffold branches so that... future pruning can be minimized the tree will be structurally strong codominant branching can be avoided To prune trees that flower on the previous year's growth and maximize flowering, you should prune... shortly after flowering When pruning a branch from a tree, the final cut should be... just outside the branch collar When it comes to pruning, as a rule, mature trees are... not tolerant of severe pruning If the height of a tree must be reduced,... branches should be removed at their point of origin or to a lateral large enough to assume the terminal role