BACE Exam 2.0 Biological Systems

All life forms are made from one or more cells. Cells only arise from pre-existing cells. The cell is the smallest form of life. - What are the three components the cell theory? Prokaryotes are unable to properly fold and assemble more complicated eukaryotic proteins. - What is a disadvantage to using prokaryotes in the production of biopharmaceuticals ? Plasma membrane - regulates the flow of molecules into and out of the cell 37 C - What is the temperature for the maximum growth rate of E.coli? True - True or False Yeast, bacteria, and muscle (animal) could use sugar to produce energy in an oxygen-deprived environment Mitosis - is a type of cell division in which one cell (the mother) divides to produce two new cells (the daughters) that are genetically identical to itself. In the context of the cell cycle, this is the part of the division process in which the DNA of the cell's nucleus is split into two equal sets of chromosomes. yes - After mitotic division will the daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes the parent cell does? Meiosis - is used for just one purpose in the human body: the production of gametes—sex cells, or sperm and eggs. Its goal is to make daughter cells with exactly half as many chromosomes as the starting cell. Purple - What is an accurate description of Gram positive bacteria after Gram staining? Because gram positive bacteria have a thick layer of peptidoglycan in the cell wall. - Why is the color of a gram positive bacteria after gram staining purple? Pink - What color does gram NEGATIVE bacteria stain? thin - What kind of layer does gram negative bacteria contain? antibodies - When exposed to a foreign antigen, the normal human immune system response is to produce what? attach to antigens on the surface of pathogens - What do antibodies do when the human immune system response produces them? Epitope - The part of an antigen that is recognized by the immune system Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay - What does ELISA stand for? antigen - What has to be present for the antibody to bind to the microtiter wall in ELISA? Antigen binds to the microtiter wall (the container) - Step 1 of ELISA Primary antibody is added and attaches to the antigen - Step 2 of ELISA The enzyme-linked secondary antibody binds to the primary antibody - Step 3 of ELISA Substrate is added - Step 4 of ELISA antigen - What has to be present for a color change to happen in ELISA color change - Step 5 of ELISA (if antigen is present)