NR 601 FINAL Exam preview questions. 100% Coverage & Mastery. Graded A+

NR 601 FINAL Exam preview questions. 100% Coverage & Mastery. Graded A+ Document Content and Description Below NR 601 FINAL Exam preview questions. 100% Coverage & Mastery. Graded A+ Type 1 diabetes acute presentation - DKA (30% of people will present) Type 2 diabetes acute presentation - H HNS DKA - acetone and keytones increase! once treated expect postassium to drop! have K+ ready Type 1 & 2 diabetes subacute presentation - Fatigue, thirst, urination, weight loss Most common in type 1 In type 2, it will be more vague symptoms and fatigue Most common way type two diabetes is diagnosed - Screening at risk individuals Diabetes Mellitus - insulin is not secreted adequately or tissues are resistant to its effects Prediabetes Hgb A1C - 5.7-6.4% Prediabetes 2 hour gtt - 140-199 Prediabetes fasting - 00-125 Diabetes Random - =200 Diabetes Fasting - =126 Diabetes 2hr gtt - =200 Type 1 diabetes - immune system attacks the beta cells in the pancreas to prohibit them from releasing insulin AUTOIMMUNE DISORDER Usually presents in childhood Genetic and environmental trigger Insulin Deficiency Type 2 diabetes - usually presents in adults with HTN and obesity Cells in the body do not react to the insulin Genetic Predisposition Insulin Resistance/Relative insulin deficiency Medications that cause diabetes - Glucocoriticoids (Given in asthma and Crohn's Disease dysuria - subjective experience of painful or burnign on urination Dysuria Cause - inflammation bladder/urethral infection most common cause is lower UTI Medications that can cause dysuria - SSRI opiates Scopalamine Less common causes of dysuris - Tumors Renal Failure Nephrolithiasis STIs Heamuturia Diagnostically - 3 RBCs or more per high powered field Transient Hematuria - Occurs on one occasion Persistent - occurs on two or more occosion Substances that can mock hematuria - Beets Substances that can be related to hematuria - caffeine, spices, tomatoes, chocolate, alcholol, citurs, soy sauce medications that cause hematuria - Beta-lactam antibiotics, sulfonamides, NSAIDs, Cipro, allopurinol, tagamet, dilantin Any hematuria in a male over 50 requires? - further work up What indicates hematuria is of renal origin? - Casts What does proteinuria mean? - Typically indicates renal pathology, specifically glmerular in origin Mild Transient Proteinuria can result from? - Fever, CHF, acute pulmonary edema, head injury, or stroke Proteinuria will improve as the patient's condition improves Bence Jones Proteins - present in MM, lymphosarcoma, leukemia, and Hodgkin's disease Intermittent Proteinuria is often? - Asymptomatic and benign Continuous Proteinuria is often? - Renal Pathology Best test for proteinuria? - 24 hour urine more than 160mg of urine is abnormal 3.5g of protein - indicative of nephrotic disease When should a patient be refered to a nephrologist? - If the protein excretion rate is above 3.0-3.5 grams/ day which indicates nephrotic syndrome Type 1 insulin therapy goals a1c - 80-130 Typle 1 insulin therapy goals 2hpp - 180 type 1 insulin therapy goals A1C - 7% Diabetes type1a - insulin dependent diabetes type 1b - variably insulin dependent First line treatment for type 2 diabetes? - lifestyle managment weight loss of at least 5% Metformin not used with an eGFR below?? - 45/ 1.73 Typle 2 diabetes a1c strong control - less than 7% type 2 diabe