TEST BANK FOR BASIC NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY

8. The amount of energy the body needs to maintain life while at digestive, physical, and emotional rest is called a. the basal metabolic rate. b. indirect calorimetry. c. the respiratory quotient. d. total energy expenditure. ANS: A The basal metabolic rate is measured and determined when an individual is at complete digestive, physical, and emotional rest. 9. Metabolically active tissues in the body include a. the heart, kidneys, and liver. b. the brain, nerves, and hair. c. the liver, kidney, fingernails, and toenails. d. all body tissues. ANS: A The majority of energy is used by small but highly active tissues, including the liver, brain, heart, and kidneys. These organs account for less than 5% of the total body weight but 60% to 75% of basal metabolic needs. 10. Indirect calorimetry is used to measure a. basal or resting energy expenditure. b. the thermic effect of food. c. energy expended in physical activity. d. body mass index ANS: A Indirect calorimetry measures the amount of energy a person uses while at rest. A portable metabolic cart allows the person to breathe into an attached mouthpiece or ventilated hood system while lying in bed, and the normal exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide is measured. The metabolic rate can be determined from the rate of oxygen utilization. 16. An acceptable ending pregnancy weight for a woman whose prepregnancy weight is 125 lb is a. 130 to 135 lb. b. 135 to 145 lb. c. 145 to 150 lb. d. 150 to 160 lb. ANS: D Weight gain for a normal-sized woman with a body mass index of 18.5 to 24.9 is 25 to 35 lb. Thus 125 lb + 25 to 35 lb = 150 lb to 160 lb. 17. Total weight gain during the first trimester should be approximately lbs. a. 1 to 2 b. 2 to 4 c. 6 to 10 d. 10 to 15 ANS: B Recommended weight gain in the first trimester of pregnancy is approximately 2 lb to 4 lb. 18. A pregnancy is considered high risk if the mother a. is 16 years old. b. is vegetarian. c. works full time. d. exercises four or five times per week. ANS: A Nutritional risk factors at the onset of pregnancy include age 18 years or younger or 35 years or older; frequent pregnancies; poor obstetric history or poor fetal performance; poverty; bizarre or trendy food habits; abuse of nicotine, alcohol, or drugs; chronic disease with therapeutic diet; and weight less than 85% or more than 120% of normal. 19. A pregnant adolescent is at risk because she a. does not know how to care for herself. b. has not established good eating habits. c. is still in a growth stage of development. d. will not know about the pregnancy until after the fetal organs have formed. ANS: C A pregnant adolescent is at risk because adolescence itself is a stage of growth. The physiologic demands of the pregnancy can compromise the teenager’s needs for her own unfinished growth and development. 20. A very overweight pregnant woman older than 30 years of age is at high risk for a. anemia. b. gestational diabetes. c. edema. d. phenylketonuria. ANS: B Risk factors for women who are more than 120% of standard weight or who have a body mass index of more than 26 include gestational diabetes. During pregnancy, there is an increased metabolic workload along with an increased volume of blood and its load of metabolites, including glucose. 21. During pregnancy, women should be encouraged not to a. exercise. b. have sexual intercourse. c. drink alcoholic beverages. d. drink decaffeinated coffee. ANS: C The ingestion of alcohol, nicotine, and recreational or other drugs can cause fetal damage and is contraindicated during pregnancy. Extensive, habitual use of alcohol leads to the well documented fetal alcohol syndrome.