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Summary WJEC (Eduqas) Eduqas Biology A-Level 1. Energy for Life - 4. Microbiology

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I achieved a high A* Grade in my final A-Level exams using these notes!!! I believe you can achieve an A* if you can memorise these notes! Simply use blurting, a method of active recall, to write everything you remember from the notes, then identify the parts you couldn’t remember, then repeat until you can remember it all! If you can do that, you’ve got an A* in the bag! They are clear, concise, and are laid out according to the specification; there is no information missing or in excess. Good Luck!!!

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Institution
WJEC
Course
1. Energy for life

Content preview

a. Classification
size: 0.4-700um

shape – due to rigid cell wall: 3D peptidoglycan/murein mesh
- Spherical: coccus (cocci)
- Rod: bacillus (bacilli)
- Spiral: spirillum (spirilla)

cell wall:
gram positive: thick peptidoglycan/murein layer
retains crystal violet / iodine complex = purple
susceptible to:
- penicillin antibiotic: prevent peptidoglycan cross-links – weaken cell wall for osmotic lysis
- lysozyme enzyme: hydrolyses peptidoglycan intermolecular bonds

gram negative: outer lipopolysaccharide layer + thin inner peptidoglycan/murein layer
alcohol: lose outer with stain – expose inner = red with counterstain safranin
Lipopolysaccharide: resistance to penicillin antibiotic & lysozyme enzyme

metabolic features
antigenic features
genetic features




Gram stain technique
- inoculating loop: transfer small bacteria sample to glass microscope slide
o pass slide through Bunsen flame: fix & kill bacteria
- add crystal violet stain (30 seconds)
o rinse excess with water
- gram’s iodine (1 minute): fix stain
purple = gram positive
- alcohol (30 seconds): decolourise – remove unbound stain & lipopolysaccharide layer (dissolve lipids)
- counterstain safranin
red = gram negative
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Study Level
A/AS Level
Examinator
WJEC
Subject
Biology
Unit
1. Energy for life

Document information

Uploaded on
May 1, 2023
Number of pages
3
Written in
2021/2022
Type
SUMMARY

Subjects

  • microbiology
  • culturing
  • aseptic technique
  • population growth
  • gram stain
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