ANCC PMHNP theories STUDY GUIDE
Phases of a Therapeutic Nurse-Client Relationship - Introductory Phase (creating
trusting environment), Working Phase (identification of issues, goals, expectation),
termination or resolution (reviewing progress, focus on self-management)
Erikson's Theory - Theory that proposes eight stages of human development. Each
stage consists of a unique developmental task that confronts individuals with a crisis
that must be resolved.
Erikson: Infancy - trust vs mistrust
birth - 1 yr
pathological outcome: depression, SA, psychosis
Erikson: Early Childhood - 1-3, autonomy vs shame and doubt
pathological outcome: paranoia, OCD, impulsivity
Erikson: Late childhood - (3-6) initiative vs guilt
pathological outcome: conversion disorder, phobia, psychosomatic
Erikson school age - 6-12 Industry vs. Inferiority
pathological outcome: creative inhibition
Erikson: Adolescence - 12-20 yrs;
identity vs role confusion
pathological outcome: delinquency, gender issues, borderline, psycotic
Erikson early adulthood - 20-35 Intimacy vs Isolation
pathological outcome: schizoid-personality
Erikson middle adulthood - 35-65 yrs
generativity vs stagnation
pathological outcome: mid life crisis
Erikson late adulthood - >65
integrity vs despair
pathological outcome: despair
Freud Psychodynamic Theory - focus on concepts of intrapsychic conflict among
structures of mind
basic tenets of psychodynamic theory - assumes all behavior is purposeful and
meaningful
psychic determinism
mental activity is unconscious
, conscious behaviors and choices affected by unconscious content
childhood experiences shapes adult
Id - drives are unconscious, sexual, aggressive
"I want"
ego - the largely conscious, "executive" part of personality that, according to Freud,
mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality. The ego operates on the
reality principle, satisfying the id's desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure
rather than pain.
"I think, I evaluate"
super ego - Freud; "moral watchdog"; governs behavior by reality and morality, often
taught by parents, church and/or community; standards develop through interaction;
conscience; ego ideal
"I should, I ought"
defense mechanisms - in psychoanalytic theory, the ego's protective methods of
reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality
include: denial, projection, regression, reaction formation, rationalization, undoing,
intellectualizing, suppression, sublimation, altruism
Denial - psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which people refuse to believe or
even to perceive painful realities.
Projection - psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which people disguise their own
threatening impulses by attributing them to others
Regression - psychoanalytic defense mechanism in which an individual faced with
anxiety retreats to a more infantile psychosexual stage, where some psychic energy
remains fixated
Repression - in psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes
from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories
reaction formation - psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which the ego
unconsciously switches unacceptable impulses into their opposites. Thus, people may
express feelings that are the opposite of their anxiety-arousing unconscious feelings.
Rationalization - psychoanalytic defense mechanism that offers self-justifying
explanations in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one's
actions.
Undoing - an ego defense mechanism whereby a person unconsciously cancels out
an unacceptable desire or act by performing another act
Phases of a Therapeutic Nurse-Client Relationship - Introductory Phase (creating
trusting environment), Working Phase (identification of issues, goals, expectation),
termination or resolution (reviewing progress, focus on self-management)
Erikson's Theory - Theory that proposes eight stages of human development. Each
stage consists of a unique developmental task that confronts individuals with a crisis
that must be resolved.
Erikson: Infancy - trust vs mistrust
birth - 1 yr
pathological outcome: depression, SA, psychosis
Erikson: Early Childhood - 1-3, autonomy vs shame and doubt
pathological outcome: paranoia, OCD, impulsivity
Erikson: Late childhood - (3-6) initiative vs guilt
pathological outcome: conversion disorder, phobia, psychosomatic
Erikson school age - 6-12 Industry vs. Inferiority
pathological outcome: creative inhibition
Erikson: Adolescence - 12-20 yrs;
identity vs role confusion
pathological outcome: delinquency, gender issues, borderline, psycotic
Erikson early adulthood - 20-35 Intimacy vs Isolation
pathological outcome: schizoid-personality
Erikson middle adulthood - 35-65 yrs
generativity vs stagnation
pathological outcome: mid life crisis
Erikson late adulthood - >65
integrity vs despair
pathological outcome: despair
Freud Psychodynamic Theory - focus on concepts of intrapsychic conflict among
structures of mind
basic tenets of psychodynamic theory - assumes all behavior is purposeful and
meaningful
psychic determinism
mental activity is unconscious
, conscious behaviors and choices affected by unconscious content
childhood experiences shapes adult
Id - drives are unconscious, sexual, aggressive
"I want"
ego - the largely conscious, "executive" part of personality that, according to Freud,
mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality. The ego operates on the
reality principle, satisfying the id's desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure
rather than pain.
"I think, I evaluate"
super ego - Freud; "moral watchdog"; governs behavior by reality and morality, often
taught by parents, church and/or community; standards develop through interaction;
conscience; ego ideal
"I should, I ought"
defense mechanisms - in psychoanalytic theory, the ego's protective methods of
reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality
include: denial, projection, regression, reaction formation, rationalization, undoing,
intellectualizing, suppression, sublimation, altruism
Denial - psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which people refuse to believe or
even to perceive painful realities.
Projection - psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which people disguise their own
threatening impulses by attributing them to others
Regression - psychoanalytic defense mechanism in which an individual faced with
anxiety retreats to a more infantile psychosexual stage, where some psychic energy
remains fixated
Repression - in psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes
from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories
reaction formation - psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which the ego
unconsciously switches unacceptable impulses into their opposites. Thus, people may
express feelings that are the opposite of their anxiety-arousing unconscious feelings.
Rationalization - psychoanalytic defense mechanism that offers self-justifying
explanations in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one's
actions.
Undoing - an ego defense mechanism whereby a person unconsciously cancels out
an unacceptable desire or act by performing another act
