C787 complete Study Guide 2023 100% correct

C787 complete Study Guide 2023 100% correct lOMoARcPSD| C787 Study Guide Unit : Nutrition to Support Wellness (Cohort 1) Reading: Macronutrients -Identify the differences between macronutrients and micronutrients Macronutrients: are carbs, lipids & proteins. Provides energy needed for growth, thermoregulation, physical activity, pregnancy/lactation. Needed in larger amts than micronutrients Micronutrients: vitamins/minerals in small amts for good health/development. Play various roles in cell metabolism. Deficiencies cause widespread health prob -Differentiate basic S/S for the following diseases: obesity, marasmus, kwashiorkor, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, pellagra. Obesity: excess consumption. Increased risk for CAD, some cancers & type 2 diabetes. Puts stress on knee/ankle joints. Is an energy imbalance, where energy intake exceeds energy expenditure. Influenced by genetic/environmental factors. Marasmus: general deficiency of macronutrients. Also called protein-calorie malnutrition. Kwashiorkor: primarily attributed to deficiency of dietary protein. s/sx include fatigue, irritability, lethargy, poor growth, apathy, edema, decreased muscle mass, large belly, diarrhea, dermatitis, change in hair, infections. Can lead to coma/death. Anorexianervosa: restricted intake. Body weight @ or 85% of normal. Intense fear of wt gain, distorted perception of body wt. 3rdmost common condition of adolescents. Common comorbid conditions: OCD, depression, anxiety, social phobia. Can lead to decreased micronutrient intake, which leads to death. Bulimia nervosa: binge eating f/b purging (vomiting or misuse of laxatives/diuretics). Can lead to obesity. Pellagra: Deficiency of Niacin (Vit B3). Characterized by “4 D’s of Pellagra:” dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia & death. Reading: Micronutrients Identify diseases/illness related to specific vitamin deficiencies (vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, iron,iodine, etc.). Vit C Deficiency(Scurvy): Early signs are bleeding gums/pinpoint hemorrhages under skin, rough scaly skin, hardening of arteries or massive bleeding can happen & lead to death. Vit D Deficiency(Rickets): bone formation impaired. Bow legged appearance Vit A Deficiency: leads to blindness. Even mild deficiency causes diarrhea & URIs lOMoARcPSD| Iron Deficiency (Anemia) Iodine Deficiency: leads to physical/mental developmental delays.Arboflavinosis lack of riboflavin Reading: Malnutrition identify the differences between kwashiorkor and marasmus Kwashiorkor: Adequate calories, not enough protein. Often occurs in areas of famine, low food supply, low education levels. Often tropical regions w/ diet high in starch/low in protein. Early RX has+ results. Without RX, is fatal Marasmus: means to “waste away.” Is acute form of malnutrition. Deficiency of BOTH calories AND protein. Most severe form of childhood malnutrition. Body fat stores used for energy & then muscle is broken down for body fuel. Person appears as skin/bones w/ lg eyes, bald head, aged/gaunt appearance. Once severe muscle wasting occurs, death is imminent. Have below norm body temp. Reading: Treating Malnutrition Identify effects of and treatments for malnutrition. Pyhsical factors- poor appetite, poorly fitting dentures, affecting the ability to chew foods, loss of tase and smell, disability and disease e.g. stroke, cancer dysphagia and Parkinson’s Lifstyle factors- ability to maintain their nutritional intake may include reduced income, isolation and loneliness, religious and cultural beliefs, lack of food choices, e/g/ people resident in care homes