TESOL Final exam study guide latest updated

3 methods of teaching English as a second language - Answer- Direct method, Communicative Approach, Task-based Direct Method - Answer- accuracy over fluency highly visual structured teacher centric drilling and repetition Communicative Approach - Answer- fluency over accuracy ability to experiment with the language group and pair work student centric teacher is facilitator students able to express themselves XploreAsia Methodology - Answer- learners engage in interactive and meaningful communication Uses content that helps build fluency Activities use several language creative language through trial and error teacher is a facilitator The 3 P's - Answer- presentation practice production How do people learn? - Answer- Visual auditory kinesthetic student motivation - Answer- obligation advancement survival culture tourism/travel Motivation of adolescents - Answer- value peer approval over teacher can view teacher in a negative light overall confidence is low wide range of proficiency and motivation levels Motivation of young learners - Answer- naturally curious seek teacher approval short attention span need lots of activities need compassion and encouragement Motivation for adults - Answer- high level of intrinsic motivation often easier to define goals learning curve can be steep many may get discouraged once language gets more complex Praise and criticism - Answer- delicate balance be genuine with praise and don't use it excessively or it will lose its value praise or criticize the behavior not the student Teaching approach outline - Answer- warmer presentation practice production cooler Warmer - Answer- introduce topic and theme fun and engaging way presentation - Answer- present vocab Accuracy, drilling, error correction, pronunciation teacher speaks 75% students 25% about 10mins Practice - Answer- using dialogue to put vocab in context teacher speaks 40% students 60% about 15-20 mins Production - Answer- students able to use language more freely and use in real world context group work focus on fluency teacher speaks 10% students 90% about 15-20 mins of lesson Cooler - Answer- fun way to wrap up lesson while staying relevant to topic and theme Why teach Dialogue? - Answer- most basic form of language social unit of speech easy to remember makes language come alive sentence construction and proper use of stress Dialogue format throughout practice phase (4) - Answer- TT-TS-ST-SS Successful speaking activity - Answer- learners speak alot participation is even motivation is high language is appropriate teacher monitoring and modeling correct speech potential problems with speaking activity - Answer- inhibition nothing to say low or uneven participation speaking in Thai overcoming problems - Answer- group work base activities on easy language base activities on relevant and interesting topics Teaching reading: benefits - Answer- good model for language production helps increase vocab punctuation and tonality grammatically correct English is used helps students produce their own sentences allows students to work at their own pace challenges of teaching reading - Answer- reading is something we do alone tough for students to concentrate difficult to keep students quiet for long period of time may have wide range of skills in one class Pre-reading - Answer- warmer presentation prediction While-reading - Answer- skimming scanning comprehension Post reading - Answer- inference/interpretation production activities wrapup sequence of reading tasks - Answer- ction ing entire text ing ehension ence and interpretation Teaching listening: features of listening - Answer- Receptive vs. productive skill problem solving activity use understood items that have global understanding listener has one opportunity to receive the original message structure of a listening lesson - Answer- 1. lead-in to build context 2. pre-teach vocab 3. learners predict what is in the text 4. students listen to story 5. gist 6. feedback 7. selective/ intensive task 8. feedback 9. isolate important language to focus on important points to remember: listening - Answer- listening to lessons should have a purpose set the task clearly before students listen to text avoid giving the correct answer right away, allow students to discuss Teaching grammar: why we focus on teaching indirectly - Answer- harder to motivate students in grammar lessons schools expect native speakers to teach speaking/listening takes significant time away from communicative confidence less time spent speaking reduces communicative confidence Grammar - Answer- disguised/taught indirectly within the context of a lesson potential grammar topics - Answer- past, present, future tense (beginner) Adjectives and adverbs (beginner/intermediate) Gerunds,idioms, infinitives and superlatives (intermediate level) Passive voice, indirect speech and conditionals (high-intermediate) Young listeners: teaching kindergarten and primary lesson ideas - Answer- short and simple alphabet family animals days of the week colors food my face/body nature key learning areas for kindergarten/primary - Answer- language numbers social skills art music physical exercise coordination implementing language skills: kindergarten/primary - Answer- listening- instructions and stories writing- copying, letter structure, gap filling reading-word formation, vocab words speaking- group activities, singing songs Maslow's Hierarchy of needs - Answer- Physiological needs: food, water, shelter safety needs: security, safety belongingness and love needs: relationships, friendships Esteem needs: prestige and feeling of accomplishment self-actualisation: achieving one's full potential, including creative activities What is classroom management? - Answer- effective discipline being prepared for class motivating your students providing a safe, comfortable learning environment building students self-esteem being creative and imaginative in daily lessons Proactive approaches - Answer- learn students' names make connections simple rules school policies interesting lessons Reactive approaches - Answer- call name of student walk towards student give student choice stop talking and make eye contact why is classroom management important? - Answer- helps maintain positive teacher-student relationship satisfaction and enjoyment in teaching and dependent upon students learning to cooperate classroom management issue tend to be very concerning for new teachers principles for successful classroom management - Answer- deal with disruptive behavior, but also manage small off task behaviors teach students to manage their own behavior management techniques control techniques - Answer- circulate around the class do not speak until students are silent know students' names keep eye contact elementary techniques - Answer- count backwards from five have a clapping signal or gesture to get everyone's attention Teacher talk time (TTT) advantages - Answer- presenting, checking, clarifying providing language input giving instructions and setting up activities building rapport Teaching talk time (