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Samenvatting Neurologie Theorie 3.1.a - Semester 3

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Hoorcollege 1 t/m 8. Cerebrale Parese. Motorische ontwikkeling. Neuromusculaire ziekten. Hersenzenuwen. Bloedstolling.

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Neurologie, Theorie 3.1.a


HOORCOLLEGE 1+2 CEREBRALE PARESE

Cerebrale parese ( = Cerebral Palsy = CP) is een groep stoornissen van houding en beweging. Deze wordt manifest
in de eerste levensjaren. Cerebrale parese is in principe stationair.
De oorzaak: vroege hersenbeschadiging. Dit kan pre- (voor de geboorte) / peri- (tijdens de geboorte) / postnataal
(tot een jaar na de geboorte).
CP wordt ook wel infantiele encefalopathie genoemd. Dit betekent letterlijk ‘infantiele hersenlijden’.

Indeling van CP: Lokalisatie:
- Spastische vormen hoge tonus Centraal motorisch neuron
 Hemiplegia spastica infantilis één lichaamshelft
 Tertaplegia spastica infantilis beide armen+benen
 Diplegia spastica infantilis vooral benen
- Dyskinetische vormen abnormale bewegingen Basale ganglia
- Atactische vormen (zeldzaam) dronkenmansmotoriek Cerebellum
- Hypotone vormen verlaagde tonus
- Mengvormen

Epidemiologie:
- Incidentie: 2 à 2, levendgeborenen
- Hangt af van de kwaliteit van de obstetricshe (verloskundige) en de neonatale (pasgeboren) zorg
- Bij prematuren (vroeggeboorte) is het risico 20-30x verhoogd

Etiologie:
- Prenatale oorzaken 70-80%
 Ziektes / infecties / drugsgebruik bij de moeder
- Perinatale oorzaken 10-20%
 Asfyxie (verstikking van de baby)  Hypoxie (zuurstof te kort in bloed van baby)  Ischemie (zuurstof te
kort in hersenen baby)
 Trauma vaan het hoofd (bv. door tangverlossing bij de bevalling)
- Postnatale oorzaken 10-15%
 Infectie van de hersenen
 Hersentrauma’s (bv. kindermishandeling)
 Kernicterus (‘hersengeelzucht’ bij rhesuspositief bloed. Vergeling door afvalstoffen)
 CVA (‘babyberoerte’)

Algemene symptomatologie:
- Acute symptomen
 Stuiptrekkingen
 Ademhalingsproblemen
 ect
- Vroege symptomen
 Trage ontwikkeling
 Floppy infant tonus is laag
 Abnormale houding
 Premature dominantie voorkeurskant is nu al aanwezig
 Reflexafwijking
- Kenmerkende klinische verschijnselen




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