BTEC Level 3 Health and Social Care Unit 1 Revision for the HSC Unit 1 exam - Namely illnesses and conditions 100% Rated Review Test 2023 Update A+ Graded

BTEC Level 3 Health and Social Care Unit 1 Revision for the HSC Unit 1 exam - Namely illnesses and conditions 100% Rated Review Test 2023 Update A+ Graded Information about genetics - Correct Answer-- Everyone is born with 23 pairs of chromosomes in each nucleus, that is in every living cell in the body - DNA = DeoxyriboNucleic Acid - DNA contains instructions for producing proteins. It is these proteins that regulate the development of a human being What is a Genetic Predisposition? - Correct Answer-A predisposition is the possibility that someone will develop a certain condition. A genetic predisposition means that they will inherit that possibility from one or both of their biological parents. Although genetics can not be modified, environmental factors can be altered to offer support and/or treatment to the individual. In short, genetic predisposition is the inherited genes that determine physical growth, development, health and appearance What is Cystic Fibrosis? - Correct Answer-- Caused by a faulty, recessive gene - this means that both parents must be carriers - When a recessive gene is present, there is a 1 in 4 chance that the child will be born with Cystic Fibrosis - Carried by as much as 4% of the UK population - It results in a defective protein being produced. This causes the lungs to become clogged with thick, sticky mucus - Can have problems absorbing nourishment from food - May also suffer from respiratory and chest infections - Modern medicine has enabled the extension of both their quality of life and their life expectancy - Physiotherapy helps clear the mucus from their lungs - Drugs can help control breathing and throat and lung infections - A special diet and drugs can also help with food absorption - In the future, it may become possible to use genetic therapy to replace the faulty gene What is Brittle Bone disease? - Correct Answer-- It is passed down from a person's parents, but it can also develop from a genetic mutation - Children have a high risk of fracturing or breaking their bones easily, because their bones develop without the right amount or type of a protein called collagen - There are different types of the disease, with some being more serious than others - The condition can be helped through physiotherapy, assistive equipment and drug treatments, to help strengthen their bones What is Phenylketonuria (PKU)? - Correct Answer-- It prevents a child from breaking down phenylalanine, an amino acid (a building block for protein) found in many foods such as milk, meat and eggs - If they eat too much phenylalanine, there can be a build-up of harmful substances in the body that damages brain development - It is incurable - At birth, all babies in the UK are screened for the condition, through a heel-prick blood test. If a high level of phenylalanine is detected, treatment will be started immediately with a special diet and medication to prevent the build-up of harmful substances - If the PKU is left undetected, the child would fail to meet developmental milestones and experience developmental delay as their brain became damaged - Untreated PKU would result in the child having severe learning disabilities and their eventual death What is Huntington's disease? - Correct Answer-- It can develop at any age, but most commonly between 35 and 55 - It is an inherited neurodegenerative genetic disorder that causes progressive damage to certain nerve cells in the brain - It can affect muscle coordination, mental decline and behavioural changes - The brain damage gets progressively worse, with perception, awareness, thinking and judgment (cognition) affected - Although it's symptoms can vary, the progress of the disease is usually predictable - The earliest signs are hardly noticeable: subtle changes in personality, mood swings, irritability, altered behaviour and fidgety movements - When the disease progresses, this can change to: psychiatric problems, issues surrounding feeding, communication and erratic behaviour - During its later stages; movement, behaviour and cognitive abilities are affected and the individual becomes increasingly dependent on other people for care and support What is Klinefelter Syndrome? - Correct Answer-- It is not easy to identify and only appears in the male sex - Around 1 in 600 boys will be born with this condition, sometimes referred to as XXY - The extra X chromosome is acquired after the baby is conceived. It is not inherited - A major sign is that the baby is slow in reaching developmental milestones - The baby may be born with undescended testicles, poor muscle power, delayed communication and a passive personality - Many boys experience difficulty socialising and expressing their feelings. This impacts their emotional development and can lead to low self-confidence - Some can experience mild learning difficulties. For example, a low attention span or difficulty with literacy skills - They can experience higher rates of dyslexia and dyspraxia - Physical signs include: low energy levels, extra growth spurts (in the legs, or widening of the hips) - The onset of puberty is often not affected. However, the testes do not increase in size and there can be a lack of testosterone; leading to a flabby body, low muscle tone, a reduction in calcium in the bones, small firm testicles, a small penis and a lack of body or facial hair - There may be difficulties with sex drive (libido) and fertility - Treatment is available for those with low testosterone levels - Most men are able to live independently and establish careers and relationships What is Down's Syndrome? -.. Continues...