NURS 325 - Adults: Exam 2 Questions and Complete Answers

Diuretics Correct Score -Can be on more than one -Can enhance each other Thiazides Correct Score Usually given early Loops Correct Score -Great for heavy fluid reduction -Measure electrolytes and renal function before administering -Monitor for Ototoxicity K-Sparing/Spironolactone Correct Score -Helps offset K loss from loops -Aldosterone blocker -Monitor K ACE Inhibitors Correct Score -prils -Inhibits Angiotensin I conversion to II ACE Inhibitor Considerations Correct Score -ACE cough -Angioedema (non-pitting) -HyperK (because of Aldosterone inhibition) -Profound vasodilation/dizziness can occur w/ first dose -Switch to ARB if not tolerated ARB's (Angiotensin II Blockers) Correct Score -sartan -Block angiotensin II receptor which prevents aldosterone from being produced -Less risk of cough and angioedema but still has risk of electrolyte imbalances (specifically K) -Do NOT use salt substitutes Nitrates Correct Score -Act on smooth muscle vessel wall -Usually longer acting unless taken for CP Nitroglycerin Correct Score -Sublingual for CP -Relieves pain in about 3 mins and lasts 30-60 mins -If symptoms unrelieved or worse after 5 mins, contact EMS before taking more -Repeat every 5 mins for max 3 doses if symptoms improve with 1st does Nitroglycerin Considerations Correct Score -Tolerance can develop -ED risk for men -Used in combo w/ ED drugs can cause unsafe drop in BP -SHOULD tingle under tongue -HA is common s/e of vasodilation, improves over time, treat w/ tylenol Beta Blockers Correct Score -olol -Vasodilators -Help preload and afterload -1st line for angina Beta Blocker Considerations Correct Score -Exercise intolerance because HR won't increase like normal -Concern w/ hypoglycemia unawareness because symptoms don't manifest -Non-selective meds can cause pulmonary issues like wheezing -Non-adherence common, can cause ED Ca Channel Blocers Correct Score -pines