ECON Economic History_Chapter 11 Notes.

Chapter 11 Notes Key Issue #1 ● Industrial Revolution was a series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods ● Home based manufacturing was k nown as the cottage industry system ○ The transformation was far more than industrial; it resulted in new social, economic, and political inventions, not just industrial ones ○ The changes involved a gradual diffusion of new ideas and techniques over decades rather than an instantaneous revolution ● Began in the United Kingdom in the late 1700s ○ Iron: the first industry to benefit from Watt’s steam engine was the iron tool industry ○ Coal: Wood, the main energy source prior to the Industrial Revolution, was becoming scarce in England because it was in heavy demand for construction of ships, buildings, and furniture, as well as for heat ○ Transportation: First canals and then railroads enabled factories to attract large number of workers, bring in bulky raw materials, such as iron ore and coal, and ship finished goods to consumers ○ Textiles: Textile production was transformed from a dispersed cottage industry to a concentrated factory system during the late eighteenth century ○ Chemicals: The chemical industry was created to bleach and dye cloth ○ Food processing: In 1810, French confectioner Nicolas Appert started canning food in glass bottles sterilized in boiling water ● Major Industrial regions in Europe include ○ United Kingdom ○ Rhine- Ruhr Valley ○ Mid-Rhine ○ Po Basin ○ Northeastern Spain ○ Moscow ○ St.Petersburg ○ Urals ○ Volga ○ Kuznetsk ○ Donetsk ○ Silesia Chapter-11-Notes-AP-Human-Geography/● Major Industrial regions in North America include: ○ New England ○ Middle Atlantic ○ Mohawk Valley ○ Pittsburgh- Lake Erie ○ Western Great Lakes ○ Southern California ○ Southeastern Ontario ● Major industrial regions in Asia Include: ○ Japan ○ China ○ South Korea ● The Industrial Revolution was a series of improvements that transformed manufacturing. Most of the improvements occurred first in the United Kingdom ● The world’s three principal industrial regions are Europe, North America and East Asia Key Issue #2