colour, taste, solubility, combustibility, phase at room temperature, Melting point, boiling
point, density
density ;mass : volume= g/cm3
mass of a substance is expressed in kg
Threshold limit value: indicates the amount of a substance in mg that is safe in a m3
of air.
h- phrases deal with health hazards
p-phrases deal with prevention
distilled water: water from which all solutes have been removed
Doing experiments; actions, observations, conclusions
Indications of states: s ,l, g,
aq: when a substance is dissolved in water
20 degrees + 273; 293 kelvin
293 kelvin -273; 20 degrees
Pure substance; consist of just one substance and has a melting/boiling point
Mixture/composition: consist of more than 1 substance and will have a melting/boiling
range
Meting/boiling range: the temperature will continue to increase slowly goes in a bowl shape
- 1l is 1dm3
Solution: mixture of a substance/liquid in which the particles are so small that the mixture is
transparent: tap water, cola, apple juice
Suspension: a mixture of a solid substance in a liquid. The particles are too large to leave:
orange juice, muddy water
Emulsifier: substance that keeps emulsion intact or longer
Emulsion: a turbid mixture of 2 liquids. After a while a double layer system formed
When an emulsion is de-mixed again a double-layer-system will form. Because the
difference in density between the 2 layers.
Turbid liquid: thick substance with suspended materials
Not transparent mixtures:
- Smoke: finely divided solid and gas
- Foam: finely divided gas in liquid
- Mist: finely divided liquid in gas
, Aerogel: a solid substance that can stop heat/cold. Lighter than air
Separation: isolating the substance in a mixture
During separation the substances/properties don’t change
Because the mixed substances have different properties they use them for separation
- Centrifugation: spinning the emultion/suspension around at high speed.
- Sedimentation: the component with the largest density sinks to the bottom.
- Filtration: a mixture passes through filter. method based on difference in particle size
- Extraction: the method in which one substance will dissolve in a solvent and the
other does not. The method is based on difference in solubility: making coffee/tea
Residue: the substance that is remaining in the filter
Filtrate: the substance passing through the filter
Use round paper for in filter called a funnel (v)
Extraction agent: liquid used for extraction
Percentage yield of seperation: actual yield: theoretical yield*10
Evaporation: separation method to separate a solute from a solution. The method is based
on differences in boiling temperatures
Solubility: maximum number of grams of the substance that can dissolve in 1L of liquid
Satured solution: a solution in which the maximum amount of a substance has dissolved
Unsatured solution : when less than everything is dissolved
Solubility of solid substances increase when the temperature rises.
- Distillation: based on differences in boiling point.
Distillate: liquid with lowest boiling point/collected liquid
The temperature will remain constant until the component is gone from the mixture the
temperature will rise again will only work greatly when the boiling point are far enough from
each other
Determining density
- Key with mass of 19,5 gram
- Volume you put the key in water and look how much is more
- Use it per g/cm3
Mass(g) 19,5 x
Volume(cm3) 3,0 1,0
Macro level: everything you can perceive using your senses
point, density
density ;mass : volume= g/cm3
mass of a substance is expressed in kg
Threshold limit value: indicates the amount of a substance in mg that is safe in a m3
of air.
h- phrases deal with health hazards
p-phrases deal with prevention
distilled water: water from which all solutes have been removed
Doing experiments; actions, observations, conclusions
Indications of states: s ,l, g,
aq: when a substance is dissolved in water
20 degrees + 273; 293 kelvin
293 kelvin -273; 20 degrees
Pure substance; consist of just one substance and has a melting/boiling point
Mixture/composition: consist of more than 1 substance and will have a melting/boiling
range
Meting/boiling range: the temperature will continue to increase slowly goes in a bowl shape
- 1l is 1dm3
Solution: mixture of a substance/liquid in which the particles are so small that the mixture is
transparent: tap water, cola, apple juice
Suspension: a mixture of a solid substance in a liquid. The particles are too large to leave:
orange juice, muddy water
Emulsifier: substance that keeps emulsion intact or longer
Emulsion: a turbid mixture of 2 liquids. After a while a double layer system formed
When an emulsion is de-mixed again a double-layer-system will form. Because the
difference in density between the 2 layers.
Turbid liquid: thick substance with suspended materials
Not transparent mixtures:
- Smoke: finely divided solid and gas
- Foam: finely divided gas in liquid
- Mist: finely divided liquid in gas
, Aerogel: a solid substance that can stop heat/cold. Lighter than air
Separation: isolating the substance in a mixture
During separation the substances/properties don’t change
Because the mixed substances have different properties they use them for separation
- Centrifugation: spinning the emultion/suspension around at high speed.
- Sedimentation: the component with the largest density sinks to the bottom.
- Filtration: a mixture passes through filter. method based on difference in particle size
- Extraction: the method in which one substance will dissolve in a solvent and the
other does not. The method is based on difference in solubility: making coffee/tea
Residue: the substance that is remaining in the filter
Filtrate: the substance passing through the filter
Use round paper for in filter called a funnel (v)
Extraction agent: liquid used for extraction
Percentage yield of seperation: actual yield: theoretical yield*10
Evaporation: separation method to separate a solute from a solution. The method is based
on differences in boiling temperatures
Solubility: maximum number of grams of the substance that can dissolve in 1L of liquid
Satured solution: a solution in which the maximum amount of a substance has dissolved
Unsatured solution : when less than everything is dissolved
Solubility of solid substances increase when the temperature rises.
- Distillation: based on differences in boiling point.
Distillate: liquid with lowest boiling point/collected liquid
The temperature will remain constant until the component is gone from the mixture the
temperature will rise again will only work greatly when the boiling point are far enough from
each other
Determining density
- Key with mass of 19,5 gram
- Volume you put the key in water and look how much is more
- Use it per g/cm3
Mass(g) 19,5 x
Volume(cm3) 3,0 1,0
Macro level: everything you can perceive using your senses
