NCLEX Neuro Review Questions And Answers With Rationale

NCLEX Neuro Review Questions And Answers With Rationale Which statement is true for a patient who has pathology in Wernicke's area of the cerebrum? A. Receptive speech is affected. B. The parietal lobe is involved. C. Sight processing is abnormal. D. An abnormal Romberg test is present. A The temporal, not parietal, lobe contains the Wernicke area, which is responsible for receptive speech and integration of somatic, visual, and auditory data. Sight processing occurs in the occipital lobe. The Romberg test is used to assess the position sense of the lower extremities. After a major head trauma, the patient's respiratory and cardiac functions are affected. Which area of the brain is damaged? A. Temporal lobe of the cerebrum B. Brainstem C. Cerebellum D. Spinal nerves B The brainstem includes the midbrain, pons, and medulla. The vital centers concerned with respiratory, vasomotor, and cardiac function are located in the medulla. Integration of somatic, visual, and auditory data occurs in the temporal lobe. The cerebellum coordinates voluntary movement, trunk stability, and equilibrium. Motor and spinal nerves serve particular areas of the body. What is the purpose of the blood-brain barrier? A. To protect the brain by cushioning B. To inhibit damage from external trauma C. To keep harmful agents away from brain tissue D. To provide the blood supply to brain tissue C The blood-brain barrier is a physiologic barrier between capillaries and brain tissue. The structure of the brain's capillaries is different from others, and substances that are harmful are not allowed to enter brain tissue. Lipid-soluble compounds enter the brain easily, but water-soluble and ionized drugs enter slowly. The spinal fluid and meninges help cushion the brain. The skull protects from external trauma. Blood is supplied to the brain from the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries. In a patient with a disease that affects the myelin sheath of nerves, such as multiple sclerosis, which glial cells are affected? D Types of glial cells include oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, ependymal cells, and microglia, and each has specific functions. Oligodendrocytes are specialized cells that produce the myelin sheath of nerve fibers, and they are primarily found in the white matter of the central nervous system.