UTHSC Fall 2022 D2 Par 2 Pathology

UTHSC Fall 2022 D2 Par 2 Pathology Normally, hydrostatic and osmotic forces are balanced T/F, T/F Normally, a lot net movement of fluid out of vessels, all are removed by lymphatic vessels False, normally a little movement out True Disruption in the balance between Hydrostatic Pressure (HP) and colloid osmotic Pressure(COP) causes movement of fluid out of or into the vessel Hydrostatic Pressure (HP) force exerted by fluid pressing against wall, blood fluid being pushed out of the vessel colloid osmotic Pressure(COP) Contribution of protein to blood osmotic pressure, pulls fluid from the tissue back into the vessel Edema Accumulation of fluid in tissues Effusion Accumulation of fluid in body cavities (serosal surface involvement) inflammatory edema Protein-rich exudates accumulation due to increases in vascular permeability Non-inflammatory edema Protein-poor transudates accumulation, common in heart failure, renal disease, and severe nutritional disorders Transudate The fluid component of blood that normally passes through the endothelial cell walls. Exudate like transudate but includes proteins as well. Caused by drastically increased hydrostatic pressure what factors increase hydrostatic pressure? venous outflow obstruction, e.g., congestive heart failure what factors decrease colloid osmotic pressure? decreased protein Synthesis, e.g., liver disease; increased protein loss, e.g., Kidney disease how does heart failure lead to edema? - Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure - Decreased renal blood flow -- activation of RAS -- retention of Na and water -- increased blood volume how does malnutrition, decreased hepatic synthesis, and nephrotic syndrome lead to edema? -decreased plasma albumin, decreased plasma osmotic pressure Pathophysiologic Categories of Edema - Increased hydrostatic pressure - Impaired venous return - Arteriolar dilation - Reduced plasma osmotic pressure