Penn Foster Anatomy and Physiology Proctored Exam 2023

How many separate bones are in the skull? - Answer- 37-38 How many cervical vertebrae do ALL mammals have? - Answer- 7 Name the 5 regions of the spinal column - Answer- Cervical - Thoracic - Lumbar- Sacral - Coccygeal Name the thoracic limb bones (from proximal to distal) - Answer- Scapula - humerus - Radius - Ulna - Carpal bones - Metacarpal bones - Phalanges Fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone - Answer- Tendon Well defined group of cells (muscle fibers) surrounded by fibrous connective tissue - Answer- Muscle Bundles of muscle fibers are called - Answer- fascicles A muscle or muscle group that directly produces a desired movement - Answer- prime mover (agonist) A muscle or muscle group that directly opposes the action of a prime mover - Answer- antagonist A muscle that contracts at the same time as a prime mover and assists it in carrying out its actions. - Answer- Synergist fixator muscle - Answer- Muscles that stabilize joints to allow other movements to take place. What are the two myofibrils making up the muscle fibers - Answer- Actin and Myosin What is the main function of the endocrine system? - Answer- Regulates and maintains the various function of the body by releasing hormones. Form central supporting structures and protection for organs - Answer- Axial bones Support front and back ends of body - Answer- Appendicular bones Viceral bones - Answer- Support soft tissue Joints - Answer- Help hold bones together and gives the skeleton flexibility to move Anatomy - Answer- The study of the form and structure of an animal body and its parts. Where things are located in or on the animal body and what they look like. Physiology - Answer- the study of how the body and its parts work or function Tissues - Answer- Cells of similar structure and function clustered together Name the 4 types of tissue - Answer- epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous goblet cells - Answer- a column-shaped cell found in the respiratory and intestinal tracts, which secretes the main component of mucus. Brush border - Answer-