Maryville Patho NURS 611-PATHO EXAM 2 INTENSE Q&A (ANSWERS) 2023

1. Review: the parasympathetic system is all about what? Conserving energy / rest and digest The sympathetic nervous system primarily serves to protect an individual by doing which of the following? (select all that apply) A. Decreasing mucous production B. Increasing blood sugar levels C. Increasing body temperature D. Decreasing sweat excretion E. Increasing blood pressure 2. Review: the sympathetic system is all about what? Mobilizing energy stores / fight or flight a. Name three examples of this: i. Increase BG levels ii. Decrease insulin stores iii. Redirect blood to major organs 3. Which characteristic is the most critical index of nervous system dysfunction? LOC a. Why? Indicates improvement or deterioration 4. Thought and goal-oriented behaviors are functions of which area of the brain? Pre-frontal lobe a. What four things is it responsible for? i. concentration ii. Short term memory iii. Thought iv. Limbic areas/emotional areas 5. Where is the region responsible for the motor aspects? Brco area i. Why is it special? Only region that affects speech 6. Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases are associated with defects in which area of the brain? Basal ganglia 7. Maintenance of a constant internal environment and the implementation of behavioral patterns are the main functions of which area of the brain? Hypothalamus 8. What two parts of the brain mediate the expression of affect, both emotional and behavioral states? a. Limbic system b. Prefrontal cortex 9. Reflex activities concerned with heart rate, blood pressure, respirations, sneezing, swallowing, and coughing are controlled by which area of the brain? Medulla oblongata a. What does it make up and where is it located? Myelencephalon / brain stem 10. Which area of the brain assumes the responsibility for conscious and unconscious muscle synergy and for maintaining balance and posture? Cerebellum 11. The brain receives approximately what percentage of the cardiac output? 20% a. How many mL per minute is that? 800-1000 mL 12. What evidence does the nurse expect to see when a patient experiences trauma to the hypothalamus? (select all that apply) A. Uneven expression of mood B. Unstable blood glucose levels C. Poor regulation of body temperature D. Visual disturbances such as blurred vision E. N/V and symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease a. Where does the hypothalamus form? Base of diencephalon b. What four things does it control? i. ANS ii. Temperature iii. Endocrine/glucose iv. Emotional expression 13. What is the first defense of our bodies? a. Skin b. Mucous membranes 14. Which action is the purpose of the inflammatory process? Prevent infection of injured tissue 15. What happens if the epithelial barrier is damaged? Local and systemic inflammatory response mobilized a. What does this do? i. Limit extent of damage ii. Protect against infection