Pediatric Echocardiography| 150 questions| with complete solutions

Levoposition correct answer: most of the cardiac mass is to the left of midline Dextroposition correct answer: most of the cardiac mass is to the right of midline Mesoposition correct answer: the heart is evenly divided around the midline Connection correct answer: The exact anatomic attachment of the pulmonary vein to a chamber or other vein Drainage correct answer: Venous flow may be directed or flow to a chamber other than, or in addition to the one that it is connected to as a result of an ASD or malpositioned IAS Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection (TAPVC) correct answer: All pulmonary veins from both lungs don't connect to the LA. May connect to the RA or other veins. Must have an ASD or PFO to survive Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection (PAPVC) correct answer: Abnormal connection of pulmonary veins to the LA. At least one will be connected. Many variations for the other connections. May have an ASD. Supracardiac TAPVC correct answer: The pulmonary veins come together in a common channel that enters a "vertical vein" (remnant of the cardinal and splanchnic systems), usually on the left side of the chest. This drains into the inominate vein. This is the most common type of TAPVC. Cardiac TAPVC correct answer: All pulmonary veins connect to a vein that directly enters the right side of the heart--usually the coronary sinus. Infracardiac TAPVC correct answer: All fo the pulmonary veins connect to a vertical vein that descends below the diaphragm. Sinus Venosus Defect correct answer: There is absence of the sinus venosus tissue between the right pulmonary vein and the SVC Syndromes associated with PAPVC correct answer: Turner and noonan syndromes Syndromes associated with TAPVC correct answer: Cat-eye, Holt-Oram, and asplenia syndromes Persistent LSVC to the CS correct answer: Most common systemic venous anomaly. LSVC normally passes in front of the left PA and aortic arch. LSVC to the CS with an atretic RSVC correct answer: Rare. The right-sided