Exam #3: Fluid and Electrolytes Quiz Questions & Answers_ Fall 2023

Which of the following actions is important to observe when giving potassium chloride (KCl) 100 mEq intravenously (IV) to a client with severe hypokalemia? 1) Use an IV pump to ensure safe delivery. 2) Warm the solution to room temperature. 3) Give rapidly to counteract the hypokalemia. 4) Give undiluted as a rapid bolus. Which of the following is the normal level of potassium in the blood? 1) 1.5 to 4.0 2) 3.5 - 5.0 3) 5.0-7.5 4) none of the above The active process by which sodium moves out of the cell and potassium moves into the cell is called: 1) filtration. 2) osmosis. 3) diffusion. 4) active transport. Which of the following interventions would be the best choice to monitor fluid and electrolyte balance? 1) assess if client is voiding 2) assess daily weight 3) evaluate daily urine specimens 4) check daily sodium levels Which of the following statements best describes electrolytes in extracellular and intracellular fluid? 1) There is a greater concentration of sodium in extracellular fluid and a greater concentration of potassium in intracellular fluid. 2) There is equal movement of sodium and potassium between intracellular and extracellular fluids. 3) There is a greater concentration of potassium in extracellular fluid and a greater concentration of sodium in intracellular fluid. 4) None of the above A client is hyponatremic and the cause is thought to be fluid overload. When this is the etiology, what would be the intervention of choice? 1) restrict sodium intake 2) do nothing and allow it to resolve itself 3) restrict oral fluids 4) force fluids Aldosterone promotes which of the following? 1) Reabsorption of sodium. 2) Reabsorption of potassium. 3) Excretion of renin. 4) Excretion of water. A patient is receiving a loop diuretic. The nurse should be alert to which of the following symptoms? 1) Restlessness and agitation 2) Paresthesias and irritability 3) Weak, irregular pulse, cardiac arrhythmias, and muscle weakness 4) Increased blood pressure and muscle spasms The plasma oncotic pressure does which of the following? 1) Pulls fluid back into the vascular space at the venous side of the capillary 2) Pushes fluid out of the vascular space at the venous side of the capillary 3) Pushes fluid out of the vascular space at the arterial side of the capillary 4) All of the above The majority of the body's water is contained in which of the following fluid compartments? 1) interstitial 2) intracellular 3) extracellular 4) intravascular Which of the following are symptoms of hypovolemia? 1) oliguria 2) weight gain 3) decreased pulse and increased BP 4) distended jugular veins Which of the following are symptoms of hypocalcemia (low calicum)? 1) Positive Chvostek's and Trousseau signs and seizures 2) Prolonged QT interval 3) Numbness and tingling of the hands and muscle cramps 4) All of the above Which of the following is responsible for the oncotic pressure in the blood stream? 1) Antidiuretic hormone 2) Blood urea nitrogen 3) Creatinine 4) Albumin Which of the following diets contain the most sodium? 1) Roast beef sandwich with mustard and an apple 2) Turkey sandwich with mashed potatoes 3) Bologna sandwich with pickles and potato chips 4) Veggie wrap with pears Which of the following meals is highest in calcium? 1) Salmon sandwich with spinach and a glass of milk. 2) Fried egg sandwich with nuts. 3) Taco with tomatoes 4) Ham sandwich with pickles . A patient has been admitted with a potassium of 5.8 mEq/L; the nurse anticipates which of the following action? 1) Administration of glucose IV and insulin sub-q. 2) Administration of glucose / insulin / diuretics IV. 3) Administration of IV potassium diluted in normal saline. 4) Administration of synthetic aldosterone. When evaluating the effectiveness of IV fluid re-hydration for severe dehydration, which of the following is the best indicator? 1) Weight gain 2) Skin turgor 3) Increased urinary output 4) Increased temperature The major cation regulating extracellular osmolality is: 1) Sodium 2) Potassium 3) Chloride 4) Magnesium An example of an isotonic solution is: 1) D5 1/2 Normal Saline 2) D5 Lactated Ringers 3) 1/2 Normal Saline 4) Normal Saline A 15-year-old girl, the unrestrained passenger, in the front seat of a pickup truck was thrown from the vehicle when it hit a guard rail. She is admitted to the ER where she is evaluated by the ER physician. STAT lab work has been ordered and a student nurse asks why the doctor wants to have electrolytes done,