Advanced Patho Week 8 Midterm Exam (Rated 100%)

1. What is the cellular function of metabolic absorption? - Cells can take in and use nutrients. 2. Where is most of a cell's genetic information contained? - Nucleolus 3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction? - Peroxisomes 4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell injury? - Lysosomes 5. Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone? - Increased retention of water 6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized? - S (S=Synthesis) 7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as receptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps? - Proteins 8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades may be useful in designing drug therapy for which human diseases? - Autoimmune and malignant disorders 9. Which structure prevents water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma membrane? - Lipid bilayer 10. What is the absolute refractory period of the action potential? - No stimulus is able to evoke another response at this time 11. Which form of cell communication is used to communicate within the cell itself and with other cells in direct physical contact? - Plasma membrane-bound signaling molecules 12. Which mode of chemical signaling uses blood to transport communication to cells some distance away? - Hormonal 13. Which mode of chemical signaling uses local chemical mediators that are quickly taken up, destroyed or immobilized? - Paracrine 14. Neurotransmitters affect the postsynaptic membrane by binding to which structure? - Receptors 15. How do cells receive communication from the extracellular fluid surrounding them? - Chemical messengers such as ligands 16. Which molecule provides the second messenger necessary for extracellular communication to be activated? - Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) 17. Under anaerobic conditions, what process provides energy for the cell? - Glycolysis 18. What is the mechanism by which the energy produced from carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids is transferred to adenosine triphosphate (ATP)? - Oxidative phosphorylation 19. What describes passive transport? - Being driven by osmosis, hydrostatic pressure, and diffusion 20. What is the best example of active transport? - Movement requiring the expenditure of metabolic energy