Paramedic final review: P1,2,3 Latest Update(Scored A)

The amount of air a pt moves into and out of his lungs in one breath is the: - ANSWER tidal volume When testing orthostatic vitals, what vital sign change is the most sensitive positive sign of hypovolemia? - ANSWER pulse rate rises by 10-20 Which pulse is recommended to check in peds - ANSWER brachial Which skin discoloration represents liver malfunction? - ANSWER jaundice Definition of pathological Q wave: - ANSWER 0.04 seconds wide and a depth greater than ¼ the height of the R wave How many parts are there to the scene size up? - ANSWER 5 Initially determining priorities of care and transport is part of the: - ANSWER primary assessment What organization is responsible for EMS training guidelines? - ANSWER Department of Transportation What kind of study would include research on the amount of cardiac arrest survivors Chicago had last year? - ANSWER Retrospective and Quantitative Motor is_____, Sensory is _____ in the spinal cord? Anterior, Posterior - ANSWER Anterior, Posterior The Vll (7th) cranial nerve controls - ANSWER facial expressions and taste How many nerves are in the spine? - ANSWER 33 Which would indicate spinal cord injury? - ANSWER hypotension, bradycardia, and shallow respirations The blood pressure in a patient with suspected head injury should not be below - ANSWER 90mmhg The tears are manufactured in the __________and then spread across the eye laterally to medially, where they drain through the lacrimal ducts into the nose. - ANSWER Lacrimal gland An infection or inflammation that is very contagious. Causes red, itching and production of more tears than usual. Often called "pink eye" - ANSWER Conjunctivitis What is the second most common cause of blindness in the United States? It is characterized by an increase pressure within the eye, that damages the optic nerve. - ANSWER Glaucoma An infection of the submandibular space under the tongue, primarily resulting from infection of the second or third molar; may cause blockage of the airway. - ANSWER Ludwigs angina A common form of bone disease, caused by thinning of bone tissue and loss of bone density. Occurs when the body fails to produce enough new bone to replace bone that is being resorbed or used. - ANSWER Osteoporosis A discoloration of of the skin that is usually blue or black. This is a foul-smelling discharge and loss of sensation in the affected area. Results as death of the tissue. - ANSWER Gangrene A form of inflammatory arthritis that primarily affects the spine. Resulting in the spine becomes stiff and inflexible were the spine if fused together. - ANSWER Ankylosing Spondylitis What is a disease of the inner ear that affects balance and hearing and occurs when the labyrinths within the inner ear become swollen. - ANSWER Meniere's disease What ribs are the most commonly fractured? - ANSWER 4-8 Which of the following is NOT a sign of Beck's triad? - ANSWER Pulses paradoxus What pathophysiology is associated with a pulmonary contusion? - ANSWER Increased pressure in the head, neck, and chest cavity Which of the following best describes cyanosis to the face and neck that occur in traumatic asphyxia? - ANSWER Backflow of blood from the right heart into the neck Your patient is a 17-year-old male who is complaining of left-sided chest pain after being tackled in a football game. Examination reveals pain and crepitus around the 10th and 11th ribs on the left side. Which of the following may be present as an underlying injury? - ANSWER Injury to the spleen At what percentage of maternal blood loss in the pregnant mother are changes in BP or heart rate evident? - ANSWER 40-45 A 44-year-old male was hit by a motor vehicle while jogging. You begin to assess the patient. You notice that he is cyanotic and has agonal respirations. He has obvious flail chest, multiple contusions, clear heart tones, and air movement through his airway. Upon auscultation, you notice that the patient has a deviated trachea and he has decreased breath sounds on the right. Based on this scenario, which of the following is the most likely to be fatal if not treated? - ANSWER Tension pneumothorax A patient was run over by a car. There are tire marks on the chest wall. The patient has cyanosis to the face and neck. Heart tones are muffled and lung sounds are shallow with agonal respirations. Which of the following conditions is most likely occurring in this patient based on the assessment? - ANSWER Traumatic asphyxia Signs or symptoms commonly associated with hemothorax include: - ANSWER shock Which of the following agencies became involved with setting ambulance standards due to awareness of infectious diseases? - ANSWER OSHA When setting up a helicopter landing zone, what is the minimum size it should be? - ANSWER 100x100 The most dangerous direction to approach an aircraft while the engines are on is? - ANSWER the rear Most state EMS agencies establish what kind of standard regarding ambulance operation? - ANSWER Minimum Which of the following is a good distance to use when positioning the ambulance at a crash scene? - ANSWER 100 ft Limitations to air medical transport include? - ANSWER cost In placenta previa the cervix is is blocked or partially occluded by the placenta. The most likely symptoms and signs are: - ANSWER Painless bleeding In an abruptio placentae, the placenta tears away from the uterine wall causing: - ANSWER Severe pain, internal and possible external hemorrhage Changes to woman's cardiovascular system during pregnancy can be be summed up as: - ANSWER Volume increases by 45%, systolic blood pressure decreases by 10 to 15, heart rate increases by 10 to 15 Fetuses born after 28 weeks have an excellent chance of survival because: - ANSWER They have formed surfacant that is necessary for lung function. It is important in neonates to remember that: - ANSWER If the HR is less than 100 assist ventilations, and in less than 60 do compressions. If a neonate is delivered with thick meconium staining, it is important to: - ANSWER Suction and intubate. Although rare _______ is one of the most common causes of maternal death following birth. - ANSWER Pulmonary Embolism Immunity where an individual develops antibodies in response to a vaccine: - ANSWER Active immunity Immunity acquired when antibodies are received through maternal circulation - ANSWER Passive immunity Lymph has the same composition as: - ANSWER Interstitial fluid is it not necessary to don protective eyewear - ANSWER Bleeding control with minimal bleeding What kind of cell is activated during the inflammatory response - ANSWER Neutrophils Which is not a common sign in meningitis - ANSWER Sunken fontanelle Schizophrenia affects approximately what percentage of the U.S. population - ANSWER 1% Delirium has a rapid onset, whereas dementia is a chronic condition: T/F - ANSWER true The SAD CAGES acronym is a screening mnemonic for what psychological disease - ANSWER Major depression fibers carry impulses to the central nervous system from the body, fibers carry impulses from the central nervous system to the body. - ANSWER Afferent, Efferent The main neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system is , while is the main neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system? - ANSWER Acetylcholine, Norepinephrine Rapid, deep respirations caused by severe metabolic and CNS problems are: - ANSWER Kussmaul results in the progressive degeneration of specific nerve cells that control voluntary movement eventually weakening the diaphragm, while is chronic and progressive disorder characterized by low dopamine levels, tremors, bradykinesia, rigidity and postural instability. - ANSWER ALS, Parkinson's Disease A____ stroke is a result of a cerebral artery blocked by a clot or foreign body, while a ____stroke is a result of bleeding within or in the area around the brain. - ANSWER Answer: D. Occlusive, Hemorrhagic Which are not vitals sign associated with Cushing's Triad? - ANSWER Decreased Blood Pressure, Irregular Respirations Which area of the brain contains the major control center for respirations, cardiac activity and vasomotor activity? - ANSWER Medulla Oblongata What is the most common deformity seen with hip fracture (femur dislocation)? - ANSWER Rotates internally with flexed knee What is the most frequent fractured bone in the body? - ANSWER Clavicle The patient has suffered a sprain, what is the injury most likely? - ANSWER Ligament tear With a chemical burn of a known acidic liquid what is the proper treatment? - ANSWER Flush with NS or sterile water and cover with dry dressing What is the parkland formula? - ANSWER 4ml x BSI x KG Your patient is burned on his anterior chest, abdomen, and circumferential burns to left arm and left leg. Using the rule of nines what percentage of his body is burned? - ANSWER 36 What are the 3 zones of injury in thermal burns? - ANSWER Zone of hyperemia, stasis, coagulation Under what agency does personal protective and safety regulations fall under? - ANSWER OSHA