CHEM 1035 Final Exam Study Guide - Virginia Tech With Complete Solutions

Weakest forces, exist in all substances, only force in non-polar substances, form temporary dipoles - ANSWER London or Dispersion forces Dispersion forces ____ with increasing molar mass - ANSWER increase Stronger than dispersion forces, only present in polar substances, attraction between oppositely charges ends of polar molecules - ANSWER Dipole-dipole forces Dipole-dipole forces ____ with increasing molar mass - ANSWER increase Very strong dipole force, only exist in compounds where H is covalently bonded to O, N, or F, due to high electronegativity difference in H and O, N, or F - ANSWER Hydrogen bonds Hydrogen bonded substances have ____ boiling points - ANSWER high The strength of hydrogen bonds _____ when ____ H-bonding sites are present - ANSWER increase, more Intermolecular forces between 2 different substances, between an ion and a polar molecule, attraction between oppositely charged ends of polar molecule and positive/negatively charged ion - ANSWER Ion-dipole forces dispersion, dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonding, ion-dipole - ANSWER Intermolecular forces in order on increasing strength The ____ the intermolecular forces the higher the boiling point - ANSWER stronger For substances with the same type of intermolecular forces the boiling point __ with increasing molar mass - ANSWER increases Viscosity is dependent on - ANSWER intermolecular forces and temperature Viscosity _____ with increasing temperature - ANSWER decreases Viscosity _____ with stronger intermolecular forces - ANSWER increases Surface tension is dependent on [2 things] - ANSWER intermolecular forces and temperature Surface tension ____ with stronger intermolecular forces - ANSWER increases Surface tension _____ with increasing temperature - ANSWER decreases Vapor pressure is dependent on - ANSWER intermolecular forces and temperature Vapor pressure ____ with stronger intermolecular forces - ANSWER decreases Vapor Pressure ___ with increasing temperature - ANSWER increases Boiling point is the point where - ANSWER vapor pressure overcomes atmospheric pressure Boiling Point is dependent on - ANSWER intermolecular forces and atmospheric pressure Boiling point is ____ when intermolecular forces are weak - ANSWER low Boiling point ____ with increasing atmospheric pressure - ANSWER increases solid to gas - ANSWER sublimation solid to liquid - ANSWER melting liquid to gas - ANSWER vaporization gas to liquid - ANSWER condensation liquid to solid - ANSWER freezing gas to solid - ANSWER deposition sublimation(subl), vaporization(vap), and melting(fus) - ANSWER delta H positive condensation(vap), freezing(fus), and deposition(subl) - ANSWER delta H is negative 1 atm = ___ mm Hg = ___ Torr - ANSWER 760 (molar mass*P) / (R*T) - ANSWER density mole ratio * total pressure - ANSWER partial pressure sum of partial pressures - ANSWER total pressure the movement of one gas through another - ANSWER diffusion the movement of gas particles through a pinhole - ANSWER effusion Real gases: The volume of gas particles are not equal to ___.There ___ attractive forces - ANSWER zero; are slight 1 oC and 1 atm - ANSWER STP = nRT - ANSWER PV NH4 + - ANSWER ammonium Hg2 2+ - ANSWER mercury(I) CN - - ANSWER cyanide O2 2- - ANSWER peroxide OH - - ANSWER hydroxide C2H3O2 - - ANSWER acetate NO2 - ANSWER nitrite NO3 - - ANSWER nitrate ClO - - ANSWER hypochlorite ClO2 - - ANSWER chlorite ClO3 - - ANSWER chlorate ClO4 - - ANSWER perchlorate MnO4 - - ANSWER permanganate PO4 3- - ANSWER phosphate CO3 2- - ANSWER carbonate C2O4 2- - ANSWER oxalate CrO4 2- - ANSWER chromate Cr2O7 2- - ANSWER dichromate SO3 2- - ANSWER sulfite SO4 2- - ANSWER sulfate [H+][OH-] = 1*10^-14 - ANSWER Kw = pH + pOH - ANSWER 14 pH = - ANSWER -log [H+] pOH = - ANSWER -log [OH-] oxidation number of elements - ANSWER 0 Oxidation number of monoatomic ion - ANSWER charge of ion oxidation number of compund - ANSWER 0 or polyatomic ion charge oxidation number group 1A - ANSWER +1 oxidation number group 2A - ANSWER +2 oxidation number hydrogen - ANSWER +1 with nonmetals -1 with metals or boron oxidation number fluorine - ANSWER -1 oxidation number oxygen - ANSWER -1 in peroxides -2 in other compounds except F oxidation number group 7A - ANSWER -1 bond length decreases with ___bond order - ANSWER increasing bond energy increases with ___bond order - ANSWER increasing delta EN > 1.7 - ANSWER mostly ionic