Fallacies Test 2023 with verified Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a bandwagon fallacy? a. Everyone is doing it b. The sky is falling c. "That movie, "Kill, Blood, Gore" deserves the Oscar for best picture. There are other good movies, but not like that one. Others may deserve an honorable mention, but not the Oscar, because "Kill, Blood, Gore" deserves the Oscar." d. "Not only is Erick a total loser, he has a history of supporting establishment losers in failed campaigns so it is an honor to be uninvited from his event." (Trump on radio host Erick Erickson) a. Everyone is doing it What is a bandwagon fallacy? a. A band playing in a wagon. b. Something based on assumption, so if everyone believes it you must too. c. Attacking the individual who is making the statement/argument. d. The argument concerning the appeal to pity or a related emotion to gain the acceptance of a conclusion is evaluated. b. Something based on assumption, so if everyone believes it you must too. What is another name for bandwagon? a. Appeal to popularity b. Appeal to senses c. Appeal to logic d. Appeal to argument a. Appeal to popularity What can NOT lead to bandwagon? a. Peer pressure b. tangible benefits c. mass stupidity d. research and own opinion d. research and own opinion Which is NOT a type of Ad Hominem? a. Abusive b. Tu quoque (you too) c. Euphemism d. Ad feminam (to the woman) c. Euphemism Which is an example of Ad Hominem? a. Stating that someone's statement is incorrect because of his/her religious background. b. Praising the opponent for his/her diction. c. Rightfully agreeing with the opponent and fairly disproving his/her statement. d. Stating that someone's statement is incorrect due to facts that you found in a reliable source. a. Stating that someone's statement is incorrect because of his/her religious background. What does Ad Hominem translate to in Latin? a. 'To the woman' b. 'I hold a grudge against you' c. 'You are politically incorrect' d. 'To the man' d. 'To the man' What can lead to Ad Hominem especially in the media/politics? a. Common beliefs b. Positive facts c. Personal grudges/dislikes d. Donald Trump c. Personal grudges/dislikes What is Argumentum Ad Nauseum also referred to as? a. Argument by repetition b. Argument by logic c. Appeal to logic d. Appeal to argument a. Argument by repetition What is Argumentum Ad Nauseum? a. The argument concerning the appeal to pity or a related emotion to gain the acceptance of a conclusion is evaluated. b. Stating that someone's statement is incorrect due to facts that you found in a reliable source c. Attacking the individual who is making the statement/argument states if you repeat something over and over it begins to become true. d. states if you repeat something over and over it begins to become true. d. states if you repeat something over and over it begins to become true. Which is an example of Argumentum Ad Nauseum? a. "The woods are lovely, dark, and deep, But I have promises to keep, And miles to go before I sleep, And miles to go before I sleep." -Emily Dickinson b. The sky is falling c. "Not only is Erick a total loser, he has a history of supporting establishment losers in failed campaigns so it is an honor to be uninvited from his event." (Trump on radio host Erick Erickson) d. Everyone is doing it a. "The woods are lovely, dark, and deep, But I have promises to keep, And miles to go before I sleep, And miles to go before I sleep." -Emily Dickinson What type of fallacy is Argumentum Ad Nauseum? a. Fallacy of Relevance b. Fallacy of Insufficiency c. Logical Fallacy d. Fallacy of Accuracy c. Logical Fallacy What is Argumentum Ad Populum? a. A fallacious argument that concludes that a statement must be true because many people believe it. b. Using facts to disprove a person's argument c. Stating that someone is incorrect due to their religious background d. Stating that someone's source is incorrect due to another source you found. a. A fallacious argument that concludes that a statement must be true because many people believe it. What is Argumentum Ad Populum also known as? a. Argument by repetition b. Appeal to logic c. Appeal to argument d. Appeal to majority d. Appeal to majority What is an example of Argumentum Ad Populum? a. If everyone believes so, it is so. b. I believe it's so, so it must be true. c. Some people believe it's true. d. It is not true. a. If everyone believes so, it is so. Why is Argumentum Ad Populum used in an argument? a. To appeal to ignorance because something has not been proven true b. To appeal to force to bring about the acceptance of a conclusion c. To convince a person that a widely popular thought is true, based solely on the fact that it is a widely popular thought d. To express a conclusion based on the absence of a statement c. To convince a person that a widely popular thought is true, based solely on the fact that it is a widely popular thought (17.) What is Argumentum Ad Misericordiam? a. Appeal to pity b. Appeal to popularity c. Appeal to logic d. Appeal to senses a. Appeal to pity (18.) What is the definition of Argumentum Ad Misericordiam? a. Using facts to disprove someone's argument. b. Following what others did or do, assuming others did the right thing. c. Using an argument concerning the appeal to pity or a related emotion to gain the acceptance of a conclusion is evaluated. d. Attacking the individual who is making an argument. c. Using an argument concerning the appeal to pity or a related emotion to gain the acceptance of a conclusion is evaluated. (19.) Which is an example of Argumentum Ad Misericordiam? a. "I cheated on the test because everyone does it." b. "I conclude that it is pointless to continue spending large sums of money looking for a cure." c. "Did you see that car from Florida cut in front of me? Florida drivers are pathetic!" d. "I could not finish the project because I had to attend my grandmother's funeral" d. "I could not finish the project because I had to attend my grandmother's funeral" (20.) What is needed in Argumentum Ad Misericordiam? a. Sympathy b. Anger c. Evidence d. Pressure a. Sympathy What is the translation of argumentum ad lazarum? A. Appeal to poverty B. Argument of Lazarus C. Appeal to lizards D. Argument of the rich A. Appeal to poverty What is the opposite argument of argumentum ad lazarum? A. Argumentum ad hominem B. Argumentum ad crumenam C. Argumentum ex silentio D. Argumentum ad baculinum B. Argumentum ad crumenam Why is this argument relevant to Lazarus? A. He was poor and considered very wise B. He was rich and no one listened to his opinion C. He rose from the dead D. He was lazy and no one liked him A. He was poor and considered very wise What does the term Argumentum ex Silentio mean? A. The argument is silence. Nothing is said at all. B. The argument is based on the absence of documents, rather than their presence. C. The argument is based on social class. D. The argument is an appeal to authority. A. The argument is silence. Nothing is said at all. What is the basis behind Argumentum ex Silentio? A. The argument is based on lies. B. The argument is based on the audience's opinions. C. The argument is based on the author's failure to mention an event. D. The arguments is based on popular beliefs. C. The argument is based on the author's failure to mention an event. What is Argumentum Ad Baculinum? a. Appeal to ignorance b. Appeal to threat of force c. Appeal to the beliefs of the majority d. Appeal to authority b. Appeal to threat of force Why would using Argumentum Ad Baculinum be effective? a. People will respond to fear b. People will respond to pity c. People will respond to liars d. People will respond to popular beliefs a. People will respond to fear How could someone be convincing with using Ad Baculinum but not have actual facts or evidence to back up their idea? a. They are good at lying b. They only talk to gullible people c. They have authority so no one questions it d. People don't think logically when fearful d. People don't think logically when fearful What is an example of Argumentum Ad Baculinum? a. I just need one more day to work on it, my grandmother died last night b. He didn't answer any of the questions in interrogation so we are unsure if he has any ties to the murderer c. How could you not believe that Trump is going to take over the world, almost everyone does d. The boss agrees so if you don't support my points in the presentation, I'll see that you get fired. d. The boss agrees so if you don't support my points in the presentation, I'll see that you get fired. Which is not a true fact about the fallacy begging the question? A) Can sometimes leave out important details. B) The fallacy raises a question that needs to be answered. C) The conclusion in an argument is assumed in a previous statement. D) A form of circular reasoning. B) The fallacy raises a question that needs to be answered. Which fallacy is this statement an example of, "giving students easy access to a wealth of facts and resources online allows them to develop critical thinking skills," Shea? a) Division b) Begging the Question c) Loaded Question d) Composition b) Begging the Question What does begging the question mean? a) When the conclusion in an argument is assumed in a previous statement. b) When the evidence or reason presented is irrelevant and does not support the conclusion. c) Different definitions for the same word are used in different portions of an argument. d) A statement or belief is formed based on an event that happened beforehand, that has no relation to causing that event. a) When the conclusion in an argument is assumed in a previous statement. A fallacy in which a claim is assumed to be a true statement without any evidence besides the claim itself is called what? a) Non Sequitur b) Equivocation c) Ignoratio Elenchi d) Begging the Question d) begging the question 5. Which fallacy does not support a conclusion and is considered irrelevant? Non Sequitur 6. Determine if the statement is considered a non sequitur: I had an insane math teacher when I was in elementary school. Because of that, all math teachers are insane. Yes, it is a non sequitur 7. Determine if the statement is considered a non sequitur: The refrigerator is acting up, so I have to get it fixed. No, it is not a non sequitur 8. Determine if the statement is considered a non sequitur: Since people like to walk on the beach, and because beaches have sand, it is a great idea to have sand floors in homes across America. Yes, it is a non sequitur 9. What is equivocation? a) A fallacy in which two definitions of the same word are used in an argument. b) A fallacy in which the same word is repeated twice in the same statement. c) A fallacy in which something is described in an abstract way. d) All of the above a) A fallacy in which two definitions of the same word are used in an argument. 10. Which of the following is an example of equivocation? a) My brother is giving me a headache, so I need to take some medicine. b) My dog barks very frequently, and trees have bark, so therefore, my dog is a tree. c) I had a vision that I needed to get glasses. d) I got home from school and started doing my homework. b) My dog barks very frequently, and trees have bark, so therefore, my dog is a tree. 11. Which of the following must be present in equivocation? a) A play on words b) An unusual description of something c) Two definitions of the same word d) One word being repeated multiple times c) Two definitions of the same word 12. In which of the following scenarios is equivocation most likely to be present? a) An argument between friends b) A Presidential Debate c) A formal essay d) Public speech a) An argument between friends 13. Which fallacy gives an irrelevant conclusion, or proves a different conclusion than that which is being argued? Ignoratio elenchi 14. Determine if this is an example of ignoratio elenchi: "HIV can be found in the human population, therefore it can be found in other animals" Yes, this is an example of ignoratio elenchi 15. Determine if this is an example of ignoratio elenchi: "If you don't agree with my thinking, then you are wrong." No, this is not an example of ignoratio elenchi 16. Is red herring the same as ignoratio elenchi? Yes it is, they are very similar and red herring is basically just another term for ignoratio elenchi Why might someone use a loaded question? a. To trick the person into admitting something b. To ask a controversial question c. To to cause a debate a. To trick the person into admitting something What does a loaded question include? a. A trick b. An assumption c. A controversy b. An assumption What does "loaded" refer to in "loaded questions"? a. A weapon b. A car c. A gun c. A gun This is a loaded question: Have you stopped beating your wife? a. True b. False a. True What is another name for Reductio Ad Hitlerum? a. Hitler insinuation b. Nazi card c. Reducing the argument to Hitler b. Nazi card Why is Reductio Ad Hitlerum used? a. To call someone out for being evil b. To imply something is like Hitler c. To create a legitimate counter argument b. To imply something is like Hitler What language is "Reductio Ad Hitlerum"? a. Latin b. German c. French a. Latin What type of figurative language does Reductio Ad Hitlerum use? a. Parallelism b. Personification c. An analogy c. An analogy What is the fallacy of Division? a. A statement b. A logic c. A system b. A logic Why is the fallacy of Division wrong? a. Because it assumes that what's true for the whole is true for its parts b. It neglects the other opinion c. It doesn't make logical sense a. Because it assumes that what's true for the whole is true for its parts When is the fallacy of division considered true? a. When discussing physical properties like invisibility b. When discussing general opinions c. Never, its incorrect in general a. When discussing physical properties like invisibility Which is a example of the fallacy of division? a. " A dock has four blue boats and six red boats, therefore there are more red boats." b. "A dock has four blue boats and six red boats, therefore more people prefer red boats." c. "A dock has four blue boats and six red boats, therefore only red and blue boats go there." d. A dock has four blue boats and six red boats, therefore blue boats are more likely to sink." c. "A dock has four blue boats and six red boats, therefore only red and blue boats go there." Compadrismo is considered morally acceptable. a. True b. False b. False In the saying "blood is thicker than water" what does "blood" represent? a. Family b. Friends c. Enemies a. Family What is another word for compadrismo? a. Commensalism b. Nepotism c. Aphorism b. Nepotism What is compadrismo? a. Being compatible with someone b. Laughing at a strange joke c. Choosing someone based on relationship c. Choosing someone based on relationship What is "the belief that if one individual can save more money by spending less, than society or an entire economy can save more money by spending less" an example of? a. Division b. Composition c. Compadrismo b. Composition Where do we usually draw conclusions from? a. Other people's experiences b. Our own situations and experiences c. Fights we have with other people b. Our own situations and experiences What is composition? a. Something is true of the whole because it is true of some part of the whole b. Something is true of the part c. All the parts of a whole are the same a. Something is true of the whole because it is true of some part of the whole True or False: "A feather is light. What's light cannot be dark. Therefore, a feather cannot be dark" is an example of Composition. a. True b. False a. True 1. True or false. Is this a form of false dichotomy? "For example, claiming that Joe can be imprisoned only due to system injustice and brutality and no other reasons, such as that Joe can be a genuine criminal." False 2. What kind of fallacy is this? "If you want better public schools, you have to raise taxes. If you don't want to raise taxes, you can't have better schools." a. Tu Quoque b. False Dichotomy c. Dues Vult d.False Continuum b. False Dichotomy 3. True or false. Is this a form of a false dichotomy? "You are for us, or you are against us." True 4. What kind of fallacy is this? "If you can't prove that Ken had an affair with the nanny, then he's been faithful to his wife." a. Reification b. Deus Vult c. Tu Quoque d. False Dichotomy d. False Dichotomy "Wilma: You cheated on your income tax. Don't you realize that's wrong? Walter: Hey, wait a minute. You cheated on your income tax last year. Or have you forgotten about that?" What kind of fallacy is this? a. Tu Quoque b. Reification c. Deus Vult d. False Dichotomy a. Tu Quoque What is the literal translation of "tu quoque"? a. God wills b. From the ground c. Something for something d. You also d. You also "Instead of arguing why he thought Spongebob stole his candy bar, Patrick calls him a liar." What kind of fallacy is this? a. Ad hominem b. Tu quoque c. Reification d. False Continuum a. Ad hominem Tu quoque is an appeal to what? a. Anger b. Happiness c. Hypocrisy d. Pathos c. Hypocrisy The word Deus means.... A. God B. Friend C. Parent D. Sky A. God What origin is the word Deus Vult from? A. German B. Latin C. Spanish D. English B. Latin What was the phrase deus vult used for? A. An insult B. name calling C. Battle cry D. Formal greeting C. Battle cry True or false: the phrase deus vult became a popular meme even used by the president True If there are just two hairs on one's head, one is bald. What fallacy is this? A. False Dichotomy B. Reification C. False Continuum D. Tu Quoque C. False Continuum What is another name for false continuum? A. Argument of the Beard B. Your mama C. False Dichotomy A. Argument of the Beard A loaf of bread is the same as a slice of bread. What fallacy is this? A. False Dichotomy B. False Continuum C. Deus Vult D. Tu Quoque B. False Continuum What kind of fallacy is this? "How can you not want to go jogging? Look at that street -- it's calling your name. It wants your feet pounding on it. "Jog on me!" A. False Dichotomy B. Reification C. Argument of Beard B. Reification Is it legal in the writing laws to use reification as a figure of speech, instead of using it as evidence? A. Yes B. No A. Yes Which is an acceptable form of reification? A. Science tells us the Universe could have begun with a "Big Bang", an enormous explosion. B. Mother Nature has sent her message with the recent hailstorms. C. I have spent my life fighting for justice. D. The sea is angry. D. The sea is angry. Which fallacy is commonly found in many advertisements? a. Red Herring b. Incomplete Analogy c. Compadrismo d. Equivocation b. Incomplete Analogy Which fallacy is used when someone replaces and exaggerates another's original position? a. Strawman b. False Continuum c. Division d. Reductio ad Hitlerum a. Strawman Identify the fallacy represented in this scenario: A girl was upset when her grandma called her naughty, until she found out her grandma was referring to her as a "needy" person, the historical meaning. a. Equivocation b. Composition c. Argumentum ad Misericordiam d. Etymological Fallacy d. Etymological Fallacy Which fallacy is commonly used to add credibility to the claim being made? a. Loaded Words b. Argumentum Ad Verecundiam c. Ignoratio Elenchi d. Incomplete Analogy b. Argumentum Ad Verecundiam Which fallacy is used in the diversion of attention, in the hopes of abandoning the original claim? a. Red Herring b. Strawman c. Etymological Fallacy d. Argumentum ad Populum a. Red Herring What fallacy occurs when someone misuses an authority? a. Non sequitur b. Post hoc ergo propter hoc c. Argumentum ad Ignorantiam d. Argumentum ad Verecundiam d. Argumentum ad Verecundiam Identify the fallacy represented in this scenario: Allie says, "I buy Crest Toothpaste because Michael Phelps says it's the best there is." a. Post hoc ergo propter hoc b. Argumentum ad Ignorantiam c. Argumentum ad Verecundiam d. Composition c. Argumentum ad Verecundiam Which fallacy is named after a lifeless scarecrow? A. False Dichotomy B. Strawman C. Tu quoque D. Reification B. Strawman Which fallacy is common when someone doesn't like the current topic and wants to detour into something easier or safer to address? A. Red Herring B. Reification C. Argumentum ad Misericordiam D. Argumentum ad Nauseum A. Red Herring Which fallacy when used is an easy way to make an opinion look stronger than it actually is? A. Tu quoque B. Loaded Words C. Strawman D. Equivocation C. Strawman Identify the fallacy represented by the following phrase: "If at first you don't succeed, change the topic. A. Etymological Fallacy B. False Continuum C. Red Herring D. Argumentum ad Verecundiam C. Red Herring Identify the fallacy described by the following quote: "Sunny days are good. If all days were sunny we'd never have rain, and without rain, we'd have famine and death." A. Argumentum ad Misericordiam B. Etymological Fallacy C. Reductio ad Hitlerum D. Strawman D. Strawman Identify the fallacy used in the following example: "Doctors have x-rays to guide them during operations; therefore, students should be able to use their books during examinations." A. Argumentum ad Verecundiam B. Red Herring C. Loaded Words D. Composition A. Argumentum ad Verecundiam Identify the fallacy portrayed in the following phrase: "Our toothpaste keeps your breath fresh the longest, and your teeth the strongest!" A. Argumentum ad Verecundiam B. Incomplete Analogy C. Strawman D. Etymological Fallacy B. Incomplete Analogy Identify the fallacy represented by the following scenario: Bob: I think it is fantastic that you and Mary are getting married! Bill: I cannot believe you think my getting married only exists in my imagination! That is what fantastic means, after all. A. Etymological Fallacy B. Reductio ad Hitlerum C. Begging the Question D. Argumentum ad Baculinum A. Etymological Fallacy Which fallacy is described in the following situation: These running shoes cost forty percent less and last much longer. A. Incomplete Analogy B. Begging the Question C. Non Sequitur D. Post hoc ergo propter hoc A. Incomplete Analogy Identify the fallacy used in this situation: My teacher told me that girls would go crazy for boys if they learn how to dance. Therefore, if you want to make the ladies go after you, learn how to dance. A. Non Sequitur B. Argumentum ad Verecundiam C. Reductio ad Hitlerum D. Strawman B. Argumentum ad Verecundiam Which fallacy does this situation demonstrate:When your dad gets your phone bill and you have gone way over the limit, but you begin talking to him about how difficult your science class is and how poor you did on a test today. A. Red Herring B. Argumentum ad Misericordiam C. Etymological Fallacy D. Reductio ad Hitlerum A. Red Herring Identify the fallacy used in this statement: "John Simmons, winner of three MVP's, knows that his daily routine of taking two of "Swason's Vitamins", led to his ability to stay healthy through his long career. A. Post hoc ergo propter hoc B. Argumentum ad Ignorantiam C. Argumentum ad Verecundiam D. Composition C. Argumentum ad Verecundiam Identify the fallacy used in this situation: Julia says that she thinks her friends should not be so rude to the new girl. Jenna says that she cannot believe that Julia is choosing to be better friends with the new girl than the girls who have always known her. A. Strawman B. False Continuum C. Division D. Reductio ad Hitlerum A. Strawm