NACE 2023 Exam Preparation questions with correct answers

A nurse is talking with a group of women at a community center about the current recommendations for early detection of breast cancer. The nurse should recommend which of the following strategies? -Begin monthly breast self-exam at age 40 -Have a clinical breast exam each year after 30 -Begin usual mammograms at age 40 -Breast MRI q5years after 50 -Begin usual mammograms at age 40 Women should begin performing monthly breast self-exams at ____ years of age. 20 From 20-39, women should have a clinic breast exam every ___ ___. 3 years Women older than ___ years should have annual breast exams and an annual mammogram. 40 What age should the nurse instruct the parents to introduce solid foods into the infant's diet? This typically coincides with the disappearance of the ____ reflex. -4-6 months -extrusion ____ ____ is when a client cannot openly acknowledge the loss of a loved one because of societal or religious norms. Disenfranchised grief A pattern of disordered speech that reflects haphazard and illogical thoughts in succession: Associate looseness A speech pattern where the client continues to repeat the word of statements of another individual: Echolalia Cirrhosis diet: -↑ ____ (also give reason) -↓/avoid ____ -↓/avoid ____ -↑ protein (in order to compensate for weight loss as result of disease) -↓/avoid sodium (especially if ascites present) -↓/avoid foods high in fat (especially if steatorrhea present) The RDA of calcium for adults 19-50 is ____ mg/day. 1,000mg (dietary sources preferred to help prevent development of renal calculi) Patients who are prone to renal calculi should: -↓/avoid ___ -↓/avoid ___ -exclude ___ -↓/avoid beverages w/ high sugar content -↓/avoid nutritional supplements such as vitamin C (1,000mg vitamin C can result in toxicity) -exclude bran (high in oxalates) A nurse is assisting with the admission of a client who has bleeding esophageal varices. The nurse should anticipate a prescription for which of the following medications? -Famotidine -Esomeprazole -Vasopressin -Omeprazole -Vasopressin (constricts the splanchnic bed and decreases portal pressure; also constricts distal esophageal and proximal gastric veins, which reduces inflow into the portal system) Total lung capacity is a measure of: The volume of the air the lungs can hold at the end of maximum inhalation. Vital lung capacity measures: The amount of air the client can exhale after maximum inhalation. Functional residual capacity measures: The amount of air in the lungs after normal expiration. Residual lung volume measures: The amount of air in the lungs after forced expiration. A platelet count below ____ indicates thrombocytopenia. 100,000/mm^3 Post-op plan of care for BKA: -Lie prone for 20-30min q3-4hr (prevents contractures). -Sleep on firm mattress (prevents contractures). -Push down the residual limb while in bed (prepares for prosthetic; reduces incidence of phantom pain). -Wrap residual limb in an elastic bandage to assist w/ shrinking of limb and preparing for prosthesis; figure-8 pattern from distal to proximal direction; reapply q4-6hr or as needed, if loose). A nurse is collecting data from a client who has right-sided heart failure. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? -Decreased capillary refill -Dyspnea -Dizziness -Dependent edema -Dependent edema (venous blood return to the right atrium is impaired d/t weakened right heart, subsequently systemic venous backup leads to dependent edema). List 3 findings the nurse may expect in a client who has left-sided heart failure.? Left-sided heart failure results in a decreased cardiac output. -Decreased capillary refill (d/t ↓ CO). -Dyspnea (blood return from the lungs via the pulmonary vein is slowed, causing fluid buildup in the lungs resulting in SOB). -Dizziness (d/t ↓ CO). Patient's with Addison's disease require a diet low in ____. Potassium (bananas, baked potatoes, plain yogurt w/ peaches). A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing an acute gout attack. The nurse should anticipate a prescription from the provider for which of the following medications? -Colchicine -Allopurinol -Probenecid -Pegloticase -Colchicine Allopurinol: -Indication: Chronic (tophaceous) gout. -MoA: Lowers uric acid levels in blood and reduces development of new tophus formation, which are nodular masses d/t increased uric acid levels producing uric crystals. Probenecid: -Indication: Gout; hyperuricemia -MoA: Lowers plasma rate levels and increases excretion of uric acid in the urine. Pegloticase: -Indication: IV med used to treat chronic gout that has not responded to normal tx. A nurse is reviewing the medication hx of a client who has asthma. Which of the following medication combinations should the nurse identify as incompatible? -Albuterol and montelukast -Theophylline and zileuton -Aminophylline and fluticasone -Salmeterol and levalbuterol -Theophylline and zileuton (zileuton (leukotriene modifier) impairs metabolism of certain medications. Concurrent use of zileuton/theophylline can cause toxicity d/t elevated theophylline, which is a systemic methylxanthine used to relax smooth muscles of the airway). Zileuton: -Indication: Asthma (prevents wheezing, SOB, coughing, chest tightness); not used for asthma attack. -MoA: Stops formation of certain natural substances that cause swelling, tightening, and mucus production in the airways. Theophylline: -Indication: Asthma; COPD. -MoA: Relaxes bronchial, anti-inflammatory, CNS stimulant (respiratory), ↑ HR/BP/renal perfusion. Albuterol: -Indication: Asthma, COPD (prevent/treat wheezing, SOB); may be used for exercise-induced asthma attack. -MoA: Bronchodialtor. Montelukast: -Indication: Chronic treatment of asthma, prevention of EIB. -MoA: Antagonizes effects of leukotrienes - Bronchodilator, ↓ airway edema and inflammation. Aminophylline: -Indication: Chronic treatment for asthma, COPD. -MoA: Increases cAMP - Bronchodilation, CNS stimulation, diuresis, gastric acid secretion. Fluticasone: -Indication: Maintenance and prophylactic tx of asthma (NOT rescue). -MoA: Potent, locally acting anti-inflammatory and immune modifier - ↓ frequency and severity of asthma attacks. Salmeterol: -Indication: Concomitant therapy for asthma w/ inadequate corticosteroid control; prevention of EIB, COPD. -MoA: Increases cAMP at beta2-adrenergic receptors - Bronchodilator. Levalbuterol: -Indication: Short-term agent for bronchospasm d/t reversible airway disease AKA asthma. -MoA: Increases cAMP at beta2-adrenergic receptors - Relaxation of airway smooth muscle w/ subsequent bronchodilation. Prior to application of EMLA cream, how should the site be prepped? Cleanse w/ soap and water.