AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY CHAPTER 12 VOCAB: INDUSTRY AND SERVICES QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS

industrial revolution CORRECT ANSWER the term applied to the social and economic changes in agriculture, commerce and manufacturing that resulted from technological innovations and specialization in late-eighteenth-century Europe. location theory CORRECT ANSWER a logical attempt to explain the locational pattern of an economic activity and the manner in which its producing areas are interrelated. The von Thunen model is a leading example. variable costs CORRECT ANSWER costs that change directly with the amount of production (e.g. energy supply and labor costs). least cost theory CORRECT ANSWER Model developed by Alfred Weber according to which the location of the manufacturing establishments is determined by the minimization of three critical expenses: labor, transportation, and agglomeration. agglomeration CORRECT ANSWER a process involving the clustering or concentrating of people or activities. The term often refers to manufacturing plants and businesses that benefit from close proximity because they share skilled-labor pools and technological and financial amenities. deglomeration CORRECT ANSWER the process of industrial deconcentration in response to technological advances and/or increasing costs due to congestion and competition.