DEFINITIONS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, DIVERSITY, AND BEHAVIOR IN THE ENVIRONMENT (ASWB EXAM) QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS

positive reinforcement CORRECT ANSWER Anything that serves as a form of reward, including food, money, praise or attention (BF skinner) negative reinforcement CORRECT ANSWER Any unpleasant stimulus that is removed when behavior is elicited, such as a man finally cutting the grass to stop his wife from nagging him about it (BF skinner) punishment negative CORRECT ANSWER An unpleasant response from the environment (slap, speeding ticket) (BF skinner) superstition CORRECT ANSWER An incorrect perception that one stimulus is connected to another. (BF skinner) Shaping CORRECT ANSWER The process of changing a behavior gradually by rewarding approximations of the desired behavior. (BF skinner) Continuous rate CORRECT ANSWER A person or animal is rewarded every time a behavior is demonstrated Fixed ratio CORRECT ANSWER Reward is given after a fixed number of attempts. Fixed interval CORRECT ANSWER Reward is given only after a specific amount of time has passed variable ratio CORRECT ANSWER Reward is forthcoming at unpredictable rates (like a slot machine) Variable interval CORRECT ANSWER Reward is given after an unpredictable amount of time has passed. Extinction CORRECT ANSWER Occurs when a behavior disappears or is extinguished because it is no longer being reinforced. Operant conditioning CORRECT ANSWER behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher. By B.F Skinner Seasons of Life theory (Levinson) CORRE