Sonography ARRT; Penny Exam Review for ABD and OBGYN 2023 with complete solution

1. right ovary: which side does ovarian torsion normally occur on? 2. adult polycystic kidney disease: bilateral enlarged kidneys that contain nu- merous cysts 3. internal microcalcifications: suspicious malignant thyroid tumor nodule char- acteristic 4. chronic renal failure: what can be associated with hyperkalemia? 5. phocomelia: absent long bones with the hand and feet arise from the shoulder and hips 6. syndactyly: webbed toes are an example of 7. leukocytosis: patients with endometritis have this elevated lab value 8. meckel-gruber syndrome: associated with microcephaly, occipital encephalo- cele, polydactyly, and polycystic kidneys 9. epinephrine: what hormone is produced in the adrenal medulla? 10. aldosterone, androgens, cortisol: what hormone is produced by the adrenal cortex? 11. ureterocele: appears as an anechoic, balloon like structure near the ureterovesicle junction 12. seminoma: most common malignant neoplasm of the testicle, appears as a solid hypoechoic mass, may not cause pain 13. risk factors and pre-disposing factors of cholelithiasis: obesity, pregnancy, increased parity, gestational diabetes, estrogen therapy, oral contraceptive use, rapid weight loss programs, sicklecell(hemolytic disorder), total parenteral nutrition 14. cystic adenomatoid malformation: mass consisting of abnormal bronchial and lung tissue 15. pulmonary sequestration: appears as an echogenic, triangular shaped mass within the fetal chest 16. focal nodular hyperplasia: second most common liver tumor 17. endometrioma: termed the "chocolate cyst" 18. heterozygous achondroplasia: most common non-lethal skeletal dysplasia 19. multicystic dysplastic kidney disease: thought to be caused by an early first trimester obstruction of the ureter 20. CA-125: laboratory value most likely elevated in the presence of an ovarian cystadenocarcinoma