Medical Surgical Nursing for the Endocrine System 2023 Update A+ Graded

Anterior Pituitary Gland - Secretion of these hormones is controlled by the hypothalamus Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH0 Luteinizing hormone (LH) Gonadotropic hormones Prolactin Growth hormone (GH) Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) Posterior Pituitary Gland - Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (Vasopressin) Oxytocin Acromegaly - Disorder of the anterior pituitary Hypersecretion of GH that occurs after puberty Manifestations: Enlargement of skeletal extremities Protrusion of jaw and orbital ridges Headache Vision problems Blindness Muscle weakness Organ enlargement Gigantism - Disorder of anterior pituitary Hypersecretion of GH that occurs in childhood prior to closure of the growth plates Manifestations: Proportional overgrowth in all body tissue Dwarfism - Disorder of the anterior pituitary Hyposecretion of GH during fetal development or childhood that results in limited growth congenital or result from damage to pituitary gland Manifestations: Head and extremities disproportionate to torso Short stature Slow or flat growth rate Bowed legs Delayed adolescence or puberty Diabetes Insipidus - Disorder of the Posterior pituitary Deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) due to disorder of the pituitary that results in the inability of the kidneys to conserve water appropriately. Results in decreased urine specific gravity and urine osmolality Dehydration is the biggest risk Syndrome of Inappropriate Secretion of Anti-Diuretic Hormone (SIADH) - Disorder of the posterior pituitary Excessive release of ADH resulting in the inability to excrete an appropriate amount of urine thus developing fluid retention and dilutional hyponatremia Adrenal Gland - Adrenal cortex produces glucocorticoids (cortisol), mineralcorticoids (aldosterone), and sex hormone. Also produces epinephrine and norepinephrine Addison's Disease - Disorder of adrenal cortex - adrenal insufficiency Hyposecretion of adrenal cortex hormones caused often by autoimmune diseases or abrupt cessation of steroid therapy Manifestations: Weakness and fatigue Nausea and vomiting Hyperpigmentation Hypotension Tachycardia Craving salty foods Hypoglycemia Emotional liability and depression Diminished libido Cushing's Disease - Disorder of adrenal cortex Hypersecretion of the glucocorticoids caused by hyperplasia of the adrenal cortex or pituitary gland tumor Manifestations: Upper body obesity and thin extremities Moon face Buffalo hump Neck fat Skin fragility with purple striae Osteporosis Amenorrhea Elevated triglycerids HTN...