ATI Community Health Proctored Exam (Public Health)
1. Community Health Nursing Theories
- Nightingale's Theory of Environment
- Health Belief Model
- Likelihood of Taking Action Factors: *Nightingale's Theory of
Environment*: Focuses on impact of a person's environment on their
health. Focus in on preven- tative care (washing hands, clean
environment).
*Health Belief Model*: Assumes a persons primary motivation in taking
positive health actions is to avoid getting a disease.
*Likelihood of taking action is based on*:
1. Modifying variables (age, gender, race, economy, education)
2. Perceived severity and susceptibility of getting the disease
3. Perceived benefits vs. barriers of taking action
4. Cues to action (i.e. advice of doctor, media campaign)
2. Community-Based Nursing versus Community-Oriented Nursing:
The community or population is the "client" in community health
nursing.
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,*Community-Based Nursing*: Focused on ILLNESS care (acute or
chronic condi- tions) for individuals and families.
- Examples: Home Health nurse doing wound care, School nurse
administering epi-pen.
*Community-Oriented Nursing: Focused on improving the collective
health of the community.
- Examples: Health education and promotion, disease prevention
activities. No illness care! Community-oriented nursing = public
health nursing.
3. Community Health Nursing versus Public Health Nursing: *Community
Health Nursing*: Delivers health care services to individuals, families,
and groups. Includes community-based nursing (illness care for
individuals and families) AND community-oriented nursing (community
focused care, with an emphasis on edu- cation and disease
prevention).
*Public Health Nursing*: Disease prevention and health promotion of
communities and populations. They re not providing direct care to
individuals! Public health nursing = community-oriented nursing.
4. Four Ethical Principles in Community Health Nursing
- Respect for Autonomy
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, - Non-Maleficence
- Beneficence
- Distributive Justice: *Respect for Authority*: Respect a patient's right
to self-de- termination.
*Non-Maleficence*: Do no harm
*Beneficence*: Do what is best (i.e. maximize benefits)
*Distributive Justice*: Fair allocation of resources in community.
5. Epidemiology and Components of Epidemiology Triangle:
*Epidemiology*: Study of spread, transmission, and incidence of
disease/injury.
*Components of Epidemiology Triangle*
- *Agent*: What is causing the disease (i.e. bacteria, toxin, noise)
- *Host*: Human/animal being affected by the disease
- *Environment*: Physical environment (water/food supply, geography).
Social en- vironment (access to health care, work conditions, poverty).
6. Incidence vs. Prevalence: *Incidence*: Number of NEW case of
disease/injury in a population during a specified period of time.
*Prevalence*: Number of ALL cases (new and pre-existing) of
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1. Community Health Nursing Theories
- Nightingale's Theory of Environment
- Health Belief Model
- Likelihood of Taking Action Factors: *Nightingale's Theory of
Environment*: Focuses on impact of a person's environment on their
health. Focus in on preven- tative care (washing hands, clean
environment).
*Health Belief Model*: Assumes a persons primary motivation in taking
positive health actions is to avoid getting a disease.
*Likelihood of taking action is based on*:
1. Modifying variables (age, gender, race, economy, education)
2. Perceived severity and susceptibility of getting the disease
3. Perceived benefits vs. barriers of taking action
4. Cues to action (i.e. advice of doctor, media campaign)
2. Community-Based Nursing versus Community-Oriented Nursing:
The community or population is the "client" in community health
nursing.
1/
,*Community-Based Nursing*: Focused on ILLNESS care (acute or
chronic condi- tions) for individuals and families.
- Examples: Home Health nurse doing wound care, School nurse
administering epi-pen.
*Community-Oriented Nursing: Focused on improving the collective
health of the community.
- Examples: Health education and promotion, disease prevention
activities. No illness care! Community-oriented nursing = public
health nursing.
3. Community Health Nursing versus Public Health Nursing: *Community
Health Nursing*: Delivers health care services to individuals, families,
and groups. Includes community-based nursing (illness care for
individuals and families) AND community-oriented nursing (community
focused care, with an emphasis on edu- cation and disease
prevention).
*Public Health Nursing*: Disease prevention and health promotion of
communities and populations. They re not providing direct care to
individuals! Public health nursing = community-oriented nursing.
4. Four Ethical Principles in Community Health Nursing
- Respect for Autonomy
2/
, - Non-Maleficence
- Beneficence
- Distributive Justice: *Respect for Authority*: Respect a patient's right
to self-de- termination.
*Non-Maleficence*: Do no harm
*Beneficence*: Do what is best (i.e. maximize benefits)
*Distributive Justice*: Fair allocation of resources in community.
5. Epidemiology and Components of Epidemiology Triangle:
*Epidemiology*: Study of spread, transmission, and incidence of
disease/injury.
*Components of Epidemiology Triangle*
- *Agent*: What is causing the disease (i.e. bacteria, toxin, noise)
- *Host*: Human/animal being affected by the disease
- *Environment*: Physical environment (water/food supply, geography).
Social en- vironment (access to health care, work conditions, poverty).
6. Incidence vs. Prevalence: *Incidence*: Number of NEW case of
disease/injury in a population during a specified period of time.
*Prevalence*: Number of ALL cases (new and pre-existing) of
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