PECT PreK-4 All Modules exam 2022/2023 with 100% correct answers

Explicit instruction Direct, skill-based, holistic, in context, developmentally appropriate, student centered and directed Formative assessment provides ongoing feedback, identifies strengths, weaknesses, and target areas, low stakes, addresses problems immediately Summative assessment evaluates learning at the end of a unit and compares it against some standard or benchmark, high stakes, (midterm, final, paper) Scaffolding Promotes deeper level of learning, support tailored to needs of student (modeling, coaching) that is gradually removed Inquiry-based learning poses questions, problems or scenarios - rather than simply presenting established facts; assisted by a facilitator Assessment anchors tools to better align curriculum, instruction, and assessment practices LEA (Language Experience Approach) combines all 4 language skills, aids fluency, centered around learner generated text. Step 1) A shared experience, 2) creating the text, 3) read and revise, 4) read and reread, 5) extension Receptive language the ability to understand or comprehend language heard or read Expressive language being able to put thoughts into words and sentences that make sense and are grammatically accurate Family systems theory (Dr. Murray Bowen) individuals cannot be understood in isolation from one another, but rather as a part of their family, which is an emotional unit Constructivist Approach the learner is an active participant in building understanding and knowledge. Use hands-on exploration with concrete materials. Realistic and relevant learning situations. Uses scaffolding Alphabetic principle the understanding that the letters used in writing represent the component sounds in spoken words Informal assessment Sometimes referred to as criterion referenced measures. Performance is not being evaluated against established standards or rubrics, not data driven. Content and performance driven. (anecdotal notes, teacher observations, running records, rubric scores, etc.) Used to inform instruction. Formal assessment Assess overall achievement, compare student performance with others at their grade or rangeHave data which support the conclusions made from the test (standardized measures). Use statistics. Data is mathematically computed and summarized. Scores are percentiles, stanines, or standard scores. Diphthong a sound made by combining two vowels, specifically when it starts as one vowel sound and goes to another (oy in oil). Refers to two adjacent vowel sounds occurring within the same syllable. Phonological awareness Student should be able to recognize and use rhyme, break words into syllables, blend phonemes into syllables and words, identify the beginning and ending sounds in a syllable, and see smaller words within larger words ("cat" in "catalog"). Phonemic awareness Student will demonstrate the ability to hear rhyme and alliteration, find the different sound in a set of words, and blend and segment phonemes Complex morpheme a morpheme that contains a lexical morpheme (words that have meaning by themselves) and at least one grammatical morpheme (function to specify the relationship between two lexical morphemes). (ex. strong irregular verbs like swim, swam, swum) Inflected endings a subcategory of suffixes that indicate tense and number. To apply these rules, students will need an understanding of consonant and vowel patterns in the base word Criterion-referenced tests Determines whether each student has achieved specific skills or concepts, how much they know before instruction begins and after it ends, measures specific curricular skills expressed as instructional objectives, each skill is tested by at least 4 items, each individual is compared with a preset standard for acceptable achievement (performance of others is irrelevant), score is expressed as a percentage. Norm-referenced tests Rank each student respective to achievement of others in broad areas of knowledge, discriminates between high and low achievers, each individual is compared with other examinees and assigned a score expressed as a percentile, grade equivalent score, or a stanine. Prosody the defining feature of expressive reading, comprises all the variables of timing, phrasing, emphasis, and intonation that speakers use to convey meaning and make their speech lively. Responsive listening saying what you feel you heard the other person say. Listening with the intent of understanding, instead of replying. Enhances the ability to: obtain information, identify problems, resolve conflicts, improve the accuracy of communication, solve problems, and motivate the speaker Semantic map(ping)/web(bing) a method of teaching reading using graphical representations of concepts and the relationships between them. Maps or webs of words the purpose of which is to visually display the meaning-based connections between a word or phrase and a set of related words or concepts Automaticity fast, effortless word recognition that comes from reading practice. Refers to accurate, speedy word recognition, not to reading with expression. Therefore it is necessary, but not sufficient, for fluency. Story map a strategy that uses a graphic organizer to help students learn the elements of a book or story. By identifying story characters, plot, setting, problem and solution, students read carefully to learn details Reading rate part of the broader umbrella of fluency and is measured in words read per minute, while fluency is a bit more subjective Syntactic relating to the rules of language Intonation describes how the voice rises and falls in speech. The 3 main patterns of intonation are: falling intonation, rising intonation, and fall-rise intonation Structural analysis the process of using familiar word parts (base words, prefixes, and suffixes) to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words Cultural diffusion the spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group to another. The mixing of world cultures through different ethnicities, religions, and nationalities has increased with advanced communication, transportation, and technology Institutional development the creation or reinforcement of a network of organizations to effectively generate, allocate and use human, material, and financial resources to attain specific objectives on a sustainable basis Bibliography complete or selective list of works compiled upon some common principle, as authorship, subject, place of publication, or printer; a list of source materials that are used or consulted in the preparation of a work, or that are referred to in the text Periodical index provides access to periodical articles by subject or author; can help you find articles about a specific topic. An index will point you to the correct periodical, the specific date, volume and issue, and page numbers for the article Civic of or relating to a city; municipal, of or relating to citizenship; civil, of citizens Universal suffrage consists of the extension of the right to vote to adult citizens, although it may also mean extending that right to minors and non-citizens Author's Purpose 3: To entertain, persuade, or inform Branches of the U.S. Government Legislative (Congress), Executive (President and Cabinet), and Judicial (Supreme Court) Conservation the principle that an object maintains the same size and shape if it is repositioned or divided in certain ways Partitioning the division of something into parts. In measurement, partitioning is done with units (meter-centimeter, gallon-quarts, etc.). The level of partitioning used in a measurement affects the precision of that measurement.