6202 final (fractures and burns – completely solved)

What is a fracture? correct answers -disruption or break in continuity of bone structure -causes: trauma, infection, steroids, or chemotherapy leading to osteopenia Fracture classifications correct answers -Closed or open: have they broken through the skin? -Incomplete or complete: is entire bone broken? -Displaced or non-displaced: is the bone still in good alignment? -Comminuted: are there multiple fragments of bone? -Traumatic or pathologic? -Anatomic location: inra-articular, extra-articular, proximal, mid-shaft, distal transverse fracture correct answers complete fracture that is straight across the bone at right angles to the long axis of the bone spiral fracture correct answers a fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart greenstick fracture correct answers bending and incomplete break of a bone; most often seen in children communiated fracture correct answers bits and pieces oblique fracture correct answers occurs at an angle across the bone, very unstable because the ends of the bone can slide off each other stress fracture correct answers a small crack in the bone that often develops from chronic, excessive impact impacted fracture correct answers broken bone ends are forced into each other compression fracture correct answers occurs when the bone is pressed together (compressed) on itself Clinical manifestations of a fracture correct answers -Edema and swelling -Pain and tenderness on palpation -Muscle spasm because body tries to keep bone in alignment -Deformity -Ecchymosis/contusion -Loss of function -Crepitation *Also remember that each fracture can have different manifestations Fracture healing process correct answers -Hematoma formation: 2-3 days -Granulation tissue (basis for new bone): 3-14 days -Callus formation: 2 weeks and ossifies in 3 weeks- 6 months