WGU PRE-ASSESSMENT: HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT EXAM

Which theory of human development was proposed by Jean Piaget? - ANSWER-Cognitive developmental theory Involves the capacity to change - ANSWER-Plastic development Occurs within families, schools, peer groups, neighborhoods, universities, and countries - ANSWER-Contextual development Includes how body, mind, emotions, and relationships change and affect each other - ANSWER-Multidimensional development Involves biological, cultural, and individual factors - ANSWER-Co-constructional development A researcher is gathering information for a study to determine if adolescents experience depression more than middle-aged adults. The researcher observes and records behavior exhibited by both groups. Which research design does this exemplify? - ANSWER-Descriptive research Which statement characterizes the debate about the nature-nurture issue? - ANSWER-It involves the extent to which heredity and the environment influence development. A child who treats peers with aggression elicits hostility from those peers. What type of heredity environment correlation does this exemplify? - ANSWER-Evocative genotype-environment correlation During which period of prenatal development do the connections form between neurons? - ANSWER-Fetal period What are two ways exposure to teratogens can affect standard fetal development? Choose 2 answers - ANSWER-By causing physical defects By impairing cognitive and behavioral function How do genotypes and phenotypes differ in relation to the variability of human characteristics? - ANSWER-Genotypes represent the genetic makeup of individuals; phenotypes are physical characteristics. Which genetic condition is characterized by an abnormal accumulation of lipids in the nervous system, leading to deceleration of mental and physical development? - ANSWER-Tay-Sachs disease Which teratogen is commonly associated with low birth weight, subnormal length and head circumference, excitability, and subnormal reflexes? - ANSWER-Cocaine What is an example of the cephalocaudal pattern of growth and motor development in infants? - ANSWER-Controlling trunk muscles before controlling legs and feet Which two events occur after the language milestone of an infant's first spoken words? Choose 2 answers - ANSWER-Two-word utterances Rapid expansion of word comprehension What is one of the converging factors that lead an infant to create a new motor behavior, according to the dynamic systems theory? - ANSWER-Development of the nervous system Which infant behavior is an example of accommodation, as described by Piaget's theory? - ANSWER-Learning to drink from a straw rather than a bottle or breast During which age range do infants typically develop a pincer grasp? - ANSWER-8-9 months Which image evokes the most positive responses in two-week-old infants? - ANSWER-The outline of a face Which biological factor plays a significant role in an infant's ability to regulate emotion? - ANSWER-Maturity of the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex What would a frightened infant seek from a caregiver, based on Harlow's research study on attachment? - ANSWER-Warmth and comfort Every time a child cries, the caregiver picks the child up. The child soon learns that the caregiver will provide for its needs. Which of Erickson's stages does this represent? - ANSWER-Trust versus mistrust Which statement describes the physical growth and development of the brain in early childhood? - ANSWER-Cancer Which approach to understanding thought depicts development as a series of distinct stages? - ANSWER-Piaget's cognitive development theory What do children develop during the intuitive thought substage of Piaget's preoperational stage? - ANSWER-Primitive reasoning and an interest in learning information A child rolls a cup along the floor and pretends it is a toy car. Which type of play is the child demonstrating? - ANSWER-Symbolic play Which characteristic do people who experience maltreatment as children experience more difficulty with as adults? - ANSWER-Establishing close relationships Which theory states that adaptation to physical differences led to psychological differences between males and females? - ANSWER-Evolutionary psychology theory How do the characteristics of Erikson's third stage shape human development? - ANSWER-Initiative results in the raising of self-esteem, but it can also produce feelings of guilt. Which attitude do first-born children tend to exhibit more of than their younger siblings? - ANSWER-Conscientiousness Which statement regarding physical growth in middle childhood is true? - ANSWER-Height increases an average of two to three inches per year. How does working memory function according to Baddeley's model? - ANSWER-It acts as a mental space for assembling and manipulating decision-making information. What is the emphasis of the phonics approach to reading instruction? - ANSWER-The adoption of basic rules for translating written symbols into sounds Why do gifted children often face challenges in the classroom? - ANSWER-They are expected to perform to a higher overall level in multiple areas. What is the meaning of seriation in the context of Piaget's concrete operational stage? - ANSWER-To order stimuli along a quantitative dimension Which ability do children develop during Piaget's stage of concrete operational thought? - ANSWER-The ability to order stimuli according to any characteristic What ability is provided by analytical intelligence, according to Sternberg's triarchic theory? - ANSWER-The ability to evaluate, judge, compare, and contrast What is a characteristic of children with intellectual disability (formerly known as mental retardation)? - ANSWER-They usually have difficulty adapting to everyday life