TEST BANK
Biochemistry
Christopher Mathews, Kensal van Holde, Dean Appling, Spencer Anthony-Cahill
4th Edition
,Table of Contents
Chapter 01 The Scope of Biochemistry 1
Chapter 02 The Matrix of Life Weak Interactions in an Aqueous Environment 8
Chapter 03 The Energetics of Life 17
Chapter 04 Nucleic Acids 27
Chapter 05 Introduction to Proteins The Primary Level of Protein Structure 38
Chapter 06 The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins 48
Chapter 07 Protein Function and Evolution 58
Chapter 08 Contractile Proteins and Molecular Motors 70
Chapter 09 Carbohydrates Sugars, Saccharides, Glycans 77
Chapter 10 Lipids, Membranes and Cellular Transport 89
Chapter 11 Enzymes Biological Catalysts 98
Chapter 12 Chemical Logic of Metabolism 109
Chapter 13 Carbohydrate Metabolism Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, Glycogen Metabolism,
and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway 119
Chapter 14 Citric Acid Cycle and Glyoxylate Cycle 133
Chapter 15 Electron Transport, Oxidative Phosphorylation, and Oxygen Metabolism 143
Chapter 16 Photosynthesis 152
Chapter 17 Lipid Metabolism I Fatty Acids, Triacylglycerols, and Lipoproteins 163
Chapter 18 Interorgan and Intracellular Coordination of Energy Metabolism in Vertebrates 174
Chapter 19 Lipid Metabolism II Membrane Lipids, Steroids, Isoprenoids, and Eicosanoids 183
Chapter 20 Metabolism of Nitrogenous Compounds I Principles of Biosynthesis, Utilization,
and Turnover 192
Chapter 21 Metabolism of Nitogenous Compounds II Amino Acids, Porphyrins, and
Neurotransmitters 201
Chapter 22 Nucleotide Metabolism 210
Chapter 23 Mechanisms of Signal Transduction 221
Chapter 24 Genes, Genomes and Chromosomes 230
Chapter 25 DNA Replication 239
Chapter 26 DNA Restructuring Repair, Recombination, Rearrangement, Amplification 249
Chapter 27 Information Readout Transcription and Post-transcriptional Processing 260
Chapter 28 Information Decoding Translation and Post-translational Protein Processing 269
Chapter 29 Regulation of Gene Expression 279
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Test Bank - Biochemistry, 4th Edition (Mathews, 2013)
Chapter 01: The Scope of Biochemistry
Multiple Choice Questions
1) The synthesis of which molecule is considered by many to be the root of biochemistry
since it was the first synthesis of a biological molecule from non-biological precursors?
A) DNA
B) urea
C) glucose
D) glycine
E) adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Answer: B
Difficulty: 1 Topic: The Roots of Biochemistry
2) Prior to 1926, the source of biological catalysis was postulated to be possessed by
“ferments” which today are called _______.
A) proteins
B) nucleic acids
C) enzymes
D) polysaccharides
E) membranes
Answer: C
Difficulty: 1 Topic: The Roots of Biochemistry
3) Originally, nucleic acids were thought to serve what role within a cell?
A) catalysts
B) genetic
C) structural
D) buffer
E) none of the above
Answer: C
Difficulty: 1 Topic: The Roots of Biochemistry
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Test Bank - Biochemistry, 4th Edition (Mathews, 2013)
4) Which of the following organelles is found in plant cells, but not in animal cells
A) chloroplast
B) Golgi apparatus
C) mitochondrion
D) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
E) rough endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: A
Difficulty: 1 Topic: The Roots of Biochemistry
5) Which of the following elements is considered a second tier biochemical element meaning
that it is less abundant than first tier elements but still required for life in all organisms?
A) H
B) N
C) P
D) C
E) O
Answer: C
Difficulty: 1 Topic: Biochemistry as a Chemical Science
6) Which of the following is a polymer derived from glucose?
A) cellulose
B) ribonucleic acid
C) polypeptide
D) deoxyribonucleic acid
E) none of the above
Answer: A
Difficulty: 1 Topic: Biochemistry as a Chemical Science
7) Which of the following macromolecules is considered a homopolymer?
A) polypeptides
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Test Bank - Biochemistry, 4th Edition (Mathews, 2013)
B) ribonucleic acids
C) deoxyribonucleic acids
D) starch
E) all of the above
Answer: D
Difficulty: 2 Topic: Biochemistry as a Chemical Science
8) Which of the following is a role played by proteins?
A) structural
B) transport
C) information signaling
D) catalysts
E) all of the above
Answer: E
Difficulty: 2 Topic: Biochemistry as a Chemical Science
9) Of the following biomolecules, which is found only in a monomeric form as opposed to a
polymeric form?
A) amino acids
B) carbohydrates
C) lipids
D) nucleotides
E) none of the above
Answer: C
Difficulty: 1 Topic: Biochemistry as a Chemical Science
10) What functional groups are found in the following molecule?
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Test Bank - Biochemistry, 4th Edition (Mathews, 2013)
A) amine, carboxylic acid and ketone
B) amine, carboxylic acid and amide
C) amine, aldehyde and amide
D) amine, aldehyde and ketone
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Difficulty: 2 Topic: Biochemistry as a Chemical Science
11) What functional groups are found in the following molecule?
A) carboxylic acid, ether, amine and alcohol
B) carboxylic acid, ester, amine and alcohol
C) carboxylic acid, acetal, amine and alcohol
D) carboxylic acid, ether, amide and alcohol
E) carboxylic acid, hemiacetal, amine and alcohol
Answer: E
Difficulty: 3 Topic: Biochemistry as a Chemical Science
12) Of Koshland’s “pillars of life,” which deals specifically with the structure and function of
DNA?
A) program
B) compartmentation
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Test Bank - Biochemistry, 4th Edition (Mathews, 2013)
C) energy
D) regeneration
E) adaptability
Answer: A
Difficulty: 2 Topic: Biochemistry as a Biological Science
13) Which of the following best describes homeostasis?
A) a non-equilibrium, non-steady state
B) a non-equilibrium steady state
C) an equilibrium-controlled, non-steady state
D) an equilibrium-controlled steady state
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Difficulty: 2 Topic: Biochemistry as a Biological Science
14) Since the earth is approximately 4.5 billion years old, which of the following is true
regarding life on this planet?
A) life forms that arose 3.8 billion years ago were able to synthesize the building blocks of
life from non-organic molecules
B) the earliest organisms on this planet were anaerobic
C) the oxygen in the earth’s atmosphere was originally trapped in ice and thus unavailable
for living organisms
D) all multi-cellular anaerobic organisms died out as oxygen became more plentiful
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Difficulty: 2 Topic: Biochemistry as a Biological Science
15) While there are many ways to compare biochemical similarities in organisms, the
molecular tree of life is based predominantly on similarities in what biological molecule?
A) DNA
B) proteins
C) ribosomal RNA
D) transfer RNA
E) lipids of cell membranes
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Test Bank - Biochemistry, 4th Edition (Mathews, 2013)
Answer: C
Difficulty: 1 Topic: Biochemistry as a Biological Science
16) The genetic information of viruses is contained within __________ .
A) DNA
B) DNA or RNA
C) specialized proteins with defined amino acid sequence
D) specialized carbohydrates with defined sequence
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Difficulty: 1 Topic: Biochemistry as a Biological Science
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Biochemistry
Christopher Mathews, Kensal van Holde, Dean Appling, Spencer Anthony-Cahill
4th Edition
,Table of Contents
Chapter 01 The Scope of Biochemistry 1
Chapter 02 The Matrix of Life Weak Interactions in an Aqueous Environment 8
Chapter 03 The Energetics of Life 17
Chapter 04 Nucleic Acids 27
Chapter 05 Introduction to Proteins The Primary Level of Protein Structure 38
Chapter 06 The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins 48
Chapter 07 Protein Function and Evolution 58
Chapter 08 Contractile Proteins and Molecular Motors 70
Chapter 09 Carbohydrates Sugars, Saccharides, Glycans 77
Chapter 10 Lipids, Membranes and Cellular Transport 89
Chapter 11 Enzymes Biological Catalysts 98
Chapter 12 Chemical Logic of Metabolism 109
Chapter 13 Carbohydrate Metabolism Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, Glycogen Metabolism,
and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway 119
Chapter 14 Citric Acid Cycle and Glyoxylate Cycle 133
Chapter 15 Electron Transport, Oxidative Phosphorylation, and Oxygen Metabolism 143
Chapter 16 Photosynthesis 152
Chapter 17 Lipid Metabolism I Fatty Acids, Triacylglycerols, and Lipoproteins 163
Chapter 18 Interorgan and Intracellular Coordination of Energy Metabolism in Vertebrates 174
Chapter 19 Lipid Metabolism II Membrane Lipids, Steroids, Isoprenoids, and Eicosanoids 183
Chapter 20 Metabolism of Nitrogenous Compounds I Principles of Biosynthesis, Utilization,
and Turnover 192
Chapter 21 Metabolism of Nitogenous Compounds II Amino Acids, Porphyrins, and
Neurotransmitters 201
Chapter 22 Nucleotide Metabolism 210
Chapter 23 Mechanisms of Signal Transduction 221
Chapter 24 Genes, Genomes and Chromosomes 230
Chapter 25 DNA Replication 239
Chapter 26 DNA Restructuring Repair, Recombination, Rearrangement, Amplification 249
Chapter 27 Information Readout Transcription and Post-transcriptional Processing 260
Chapter 28 Information Decoding Translation and Post-translational Protein Processing 269
Chapter 29 Regulation of Gene Expression 279
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Biochemistry, 4th Edition (Mathews, 2013)
Chapter 01: The Scope of Biochemistry
Multiple Choice Questions
1) The synthesis of which molecule is considered by many to be the root of biochemistry
since it was the first synthesis of a biological molecule from non-biological precursors?
A) DNA
B) urea
C) glucose
D) glycine
E) adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Answer: B
Difficulty: 1 Topic: The Roots of Biochemistry
2) Prior to 1926, the source of biological catalysis was postulated to be possessed by
“ferments” which today are called _______.
A) proteins
B) nucleic acids
C) enzymes
D) polysaccharides
E) membranes
Answer: C
Difficulty: 1 Topic: The Roots of Biochemistry
3) Originally, nucleic acids were thought to serve what role within a cell?
A) catalysts
B) genetic
C) structural
D) buffer
E) none of the above
Answer: C
Difficulty: 1 Topic: The Roots of Biochemistry
______________________________________________________________________________________________
1|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Biochemistry, 4th Edition (Mathews, 2013)
4) Which of the following organelles is found in plant cells, but not in animal cells
A) chloroplast
B) Golgi apparatus
C) mitochondrion
D) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
E) rough endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: A
Difficulty: 1 Topic: The Roots of Biochemistry
5) Which of the following elements is considered a second tier biochemical element meaning
that it is less abundant than first tier elements but still required for life in all organisms?
A) H
B) N
C) P
D) C
E) O
Answer: C
Difficulty: 1 Topic: Biochemistry as a Chemical Science
6) Which of the following is a polymer derived from glucose?
A) cellulose
B) ribonucleic acid
C) polypeptide
D) deoxyribonucleic acid
E) none of the above
Answer: A
Difficulty: 1 Topic: Biochemistry as a Chemical Science
7) Which of the following macromolecules is considered a homopolymer?
A) polypeptides
______________________________________________________________________________________________
2|Page
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Test Bank - Biochemistry, 4th Edition (Mathews, 2013)
B) ribonucleic acids
C) deoxyribonucleic acids
D) starch
E) all of the above
Answer: D
Difficulty: 2 Topic: Biochemistry as a Chemical Science
8) Which of the following is a role played by proteins?
A) structural
B) transport
C) information signaling
D) catalysts
E) all of the above
Answer: E
Difficulty: 2 Topic: Biochemistry as a Chemical Science
9) Of the following biomolecules, which is found only in a monomeric form as opposed to a
polymeric form?
A) amino acids
B) carbohydrates
C) lipids
D) nucleotides
E) none of the above
Answer: C
Difficulty: 1 Topic: Biochemistry as a Chemical Science
10) What functional groups are found in the following molecule?
______________________________________________________________________________________________
3|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Biochemistry, 4th Edition (Mathews, 2013)
A) amine, carboxylic acid and ketone
B) amine, carboxylic acid and amide
C) amine, aldehyde and amide
D) amine, aldehyde and ketone
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Difficulty: 2 Topic: Biochemistry as a Chemical Science
11) What functional groups are found in the following molecule?
A) carboxylic acid, ether, amine and alcohol
B) carboxylic acid, ester, amine and alcohol
C) carboxylic acid, acetal, amine and alcohol
D) carboxylic acid, ether, amide and alcohol
E) carboxylic acid, hemiacetal, amine and alcohol
Answer: E
Difficulty: 3 Topic: Biochemistry as a Chemical Science
12) Of Koshland’s “pillars of life,” which deals specifically with the structure and function of
DNA?
A) program
B) compartmentation
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4|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Biochemistry, 4th Edition (Mathews, 2013)
C) energy
D) regeneration
E) adaptability
Answer: A
Difficulty: 2 Topic: Biochemistry as a Biological Science
13) Which of the following best describes homeostasis?
A) a non-equilibrium, non-steady state
B) a non-equilibrium steady state
C) an equilibrium-controlled, non-steady state
D) an equilibrium-controlled steady state
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Difficulty: 2 Topic: Biochemistry as a Biological Science
14) Since the earth is approximately 4.5 billion years old, which of the following is true
regarding life on this planet?
A) life forms that arose 3.8 billion years ago were able to synthesize the building blocks of
life from non-organic molecules
B) the earliest organisms on this planet were anaerobic
C) the oxygen in the earth’s atmosphere was originally trapped in ice and thus unavailable
for living organisms
D) all multi-cellular anaerobic organisms died out as oxygen became more plentiful
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Difficulty: 2 Topic: Biochemistry as a Biological Science
15) While there are many ways to compare biochemical similarities in organisms, the
molecular tree of life is based predominantly on similarities in what biological molecule?
A) DNA
B) proteins
C) ribosomal RNA
D) transfer RNA
E) lipids of cell membranes
______________________________________________________________________________________________
5|Page
, ______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Biochemistry, 4th Edition (Mathews, 2013)
Answer: C
Difficulty: 1 Topic: Biochemistry as a Biological Science
16) The genetic information of viruses is contained within __________ .
A) DNA
B) DNA or RNA
C) specialized proteins with defined amino acid sequence
D) specialized carbohydrates with defined sequence
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Difficulty: 1 Topic: Biochemistry as a Biological Science
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