Summary Chapter 5 - Infection Control: Principles and Practices

Infection Control: Principles and Practices
-Clean: a mechanical process, scrubbing, using soap or detergent and water to remove all visible dirt, debris, and many disease-causing germs. Required to do before disinfecting
-Sanitize: a chemical process for reducing the number of disease-
causing germs in cleaned surfaces to a safe level.
-Disinfection: a chemical process that uses specific products to destroy
harmful organisms, except bacterial spores, or environmental surfaces.
Regulation:
-Federal Agencies:
oOccupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA): regulate and enforce safety and health standards to protect employees in the workplace. Regulating employee exposure to potentially toxic substances and informing employees about the possible hazards of materials used in the workplace are key point in the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 Hazard Communication Standard (HCS): requires that chemical manufacturers and importers assess and communicate the potential hazards associated with their products Requires that MSDS be kept in the salon, spa, or medical office for all products.
oMaterial Safety Data Sheet (MSDS): contains information compiled by the manufacturer about product safety including the name of hazardous ingredients, safe handling, and use procedures, precautions to reduce the risk of accidental harm or
overexposure, and flammability warnings.
Result of HCS
Provides useful disposal guidelines and medical and first aid information
oEnvironmental Protection Agency (EPA): registers all types of disinfectants sold and used in the United States.
Disinfectants: chemical products that destroy all bacteria, fungi, and viruses (but not spores) on surfaces. They are pesticides (a type of poison) and can cause serious skin and eye damage. Hospital disinfectants : effective for cleaning blood and body fluids. Can be used on any nonporous surface in the salon. oNonporous: an item that is made or constructed of a material that has no pores or openings and cannot absorb liquids. oControl the spread of disease, an abnormal condition of all or part of the body, or its systems or organs that makes the body incapable of carrying on normal function.
Tuberculocidal disinfectants : proven to kill bacteria that cause tuberculosis, a disease caused by bacteria that are transmitted through coughing or sneezing. Mycrobacterium fortuitum : a microscopic germ that normally exists in tap water in small numbers. -State Regulatory Agencies: exist to protect spa and salon professionals and to protect clients’ health, safety, and welfare. Include licensing agencies, state boards of cosmetology, commissions,
and health departments. Require that everyone follow specific procedures.
-Laws and Rules:
oLaws (statutes): written by both federal and state legislatures that determine the scope of practice (what each license allows the holder to do) and establish guidelines for regulatory agencies to make rules. oRules: more specific than laws. Written by the regulatory agency to determine how the law must be applied. Establish specific standards of conduct and can be changed or updated frequently. Principle of Infection: -Infection: the invasion of body tissues by disease-causing pathogens.
-Infection Control : methods used to eliminate or reduce the transmission of infectious organisms.
oFour types of potentially harmful organisms: bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites .
oInfectious disease : caused by pathogenic organisms that enter the body. May or may not spread from one person to another. oDisinfectants used in salons or spas must be bactericidal, capable of destroying bacteria; virucidal, capable of destroying viruses; and fungicidal, capable to destroy fungi.