Clinical Psychology:
Brief History:
- Psychoanalytic approach (Freud 1890 and Jung 1900s)
- Influential in raising awareness in cognition issues.
- 1952: American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)
- 1960-1970: DClinPsy (UK)
- Hans Eyesnck, empirically tested Freud’s ideas.
- Eyesnck and Rutter formed first clinical psychology training, overthrew
psychoanalytic approach.
What is CP?
Developing theoretical models to understand the causes and consequences of mental
disorder, through observation of abnormal behaviour.
Formulation (looking at client, learning about lives and behaviour, observation), definitions,
classification.
Treatment and management.
Prevention, talking to policy makers, prevent before they arise.
(Mendelian Randomisation)
Defining Mental Disorder:
- Deviation from statistical norm
- Deviation from social norms, change over time.
- (Mal)adaptivity, distress and impairment
- In practice, combination of all
Definitions and Classifications:
-DSM, 5TH Edition (2013)
-International Classification of Diseases – ICD, 11TH Edition (2018)
-Research Domain Criteria – RDoC
Models in Clinical Psychology:
- Psychogenic/dynamic approach – result of parent and immediate environment.
- Behavioural – classical and operant conditioning.
- Humanist – Ideographic, seeing person as an individual
- Biological/medical - most accepted in UK, particularly in psychiatry. Talks about
mental ‘illness’ and ‘disease’ in patients. Physical and biological causes, underlying
neural correlates, genetics, nervous system and brain abnormalities.
Pharmacological therapies.
- Strengths: Most robust and scientifically grounded, powerful for understanding
and treating mental disorders with clear biological mechanisms, clear cost effective
and efficacious treatment options, reduce stigma.
-Limitations: Original reason for stigma, diagnosis heavily based on symptoms not
causes, categorical focus not dimensional, poorly explains complex conditions.
Brief History:
- Psychoanalytic approach (Freud 1890 and Jung 1900s)
- Influential in raising awareness in cognition issues.
- 1952: American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)
- 1960-1970: DClinPsy (UK)
- Hans Eyesnck, empirically tested Freud’s ideas.
- Eyesnck and Rutter formed first clinical psychology training, overthrew
psychoanalytic approach.
What is CP?
Developing theoretical models to understand the causes and consequences of mental
disorder, through observation of abnormal behaviour.
Formulation (looking at client, learning about lives and behaviour, observation), definitions,
classification.
Treatment and management.
Prevention, talking to policy makers, prevent before they arise.
(Mendelian Randomisation)
Defining Mental Disorder:
- Deviation from statistical norm
- Deviation from social norms, change over time.
- (Mal)adaptivity, distress and impairment
- In practice, combination of all
Definitions and Classifications:
-DSM, 5TH Edition (2013)
-International Classification of Diseases – ICD, 11TH Edition (2018)
-Research Domain Criteria – RDoC
Models in Clinical Psychology:
- Psychogenic/dynamic approach – result of parent and immediate environment.
- Behavioural – classical and operant conditioning.
- Humanist – Ideographic, seeing person as an individual
- Biological/medical - most accepted in UK, particularly in psychiatry. Talks about
mental ‘illness’ and ‘disease’ in patients. Physical and biological causes, underlying
neural correlates, genetics, nervous system and brain abnormalities.
Pharmacological therapies.
- Strengths: Most robust and scientifically grounded, powerful for understanding
and treating mental disorders with clear biological mechanisms, clear cost effective
and efficacious treatment options, reduce stigma.
-Limitations: Original reason for stigma, diagnosis heavily based on symptoms not
causes, categorical focus not dimensional, poorly explains complex conditions.
