NREMT EXAM 2022/2023 WITH QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (verified Q&A)

NREMT EXAM WITH QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (verified Q&A) Treatment for a responsive 4-year-old child with a mild airway obstruction, who has respiratory distress, a strong cough, and normal skin color, includes: - answersupplemental oxygen and transport Finger sweeps are ONLY indicated if - answerthe patient is unresponsive and you can see the object in his or her mouth Cellular respiration and cellular metabolism are best described as - answerthe use of oxygen and carbohydrates to produce energy and the creation of carbon dioxide and water byproducts. An absence seizure, also called a petit mal seizure, is characterized by - answera blank stare and an absence of tonic-clonic motor activity. A focal motor seizure - answeris isolated to one part of the body, such as an extremity, but can progress to a generalized (full body) seizure. You should assist with the delivery of the baby's head by: - answerplacing your fingers on the bony part of the skull and applying gentle pressure A child between 3 to 5 would have normal vitals if they are? - answerRespirations b/w 20-30 Pulse 80-120 Systolic bp 80-110 You receive a call for a 3-year-old girl with respiratory distress. When you enter her residence, you see the mother holding the child, who does not acknowledge your presence. This finding indicates that the child: - answerhas severe hypoxia When is it MOST appropriate to clamp and cut the umbilical cord? - answeras soon as the cord has stopped pulsating Which of the following is the MOST common cause of shock in infants and children? - answerdehydration A 5-year-old boy was struck by a car when he ran out into the street. When you arrive at the scene and approach the child, you see him lying supine approximately 15 feet from the car. Based on the child's age and mechanism of injury, which of the following should you suspect to be his PRIMARY injury? - answerpelvic injury You are called to the scene of a man down. Dispatch reports the man is pulseless and bystanders are doing CPR. According to the NREMT Cardiac Arrest management/AED skill sheet, which of the following sequences is appropriate? - answerComplete 1 cycle of CPR, attach AED, have everyone stand clear during rhythm check. Your patient is a 41 year old female who was found lying prone in the kitchen. She does not appear to be conscious andthere is a pool of saliva next to her head. You and your partner log roll her into a supine position while maintaining c-spine stabilization. Just as you get the woman rolled over her husband tells you that she has a previous history of heart attacks. What would be the most appropriate course of action to take next? - answerDo a jaw thrust to open her airway. Which position is MOST appropriate for a mother in labor with a prolapsed umbilical cord? - answersupine with hips elevated You are treating a 5-year-old child who has had severe diarrhea and vomiting for 3 days and is now showing signs of shock. Supplemental oxygen has been given and you have elevated his lower extremities. En route to the hospital, you note that his work of breathing has increased. You should: - answerlower the extremities and reassess the child After an advanced airway device (eg, ET tube, multilumen airway, supraglottic airway) has been inserted during cardiac arrest, ventilate the patient at a rate of_____________ breaths per minute (one breath every __________ seconds). This ventilation rate applies to all age groups, except the newborn. - answer8 to 10, 6 to 8 Excessive ventilation (eg, hyperventilation) is detrimental because it causes an increase in intrathoracic pressure, which - answerimpedes blood flow back to the heart and decreases coronary perfusion A 6-year-old boy presents with a high fever, a headache, and a stiff neck. He is conscious, but is not acting as a normal 6-year-old boy should. His mother told you that he vomited once before your arrival. You should be MOST concerned with: - answerthe risk of permanent neurological damage Signs and symptoms of Cushing's triad include all the following except - answertachycardia Your assessmment of a newborn reveals cyanosis to the chest and face and a heart rate of 90 beats/min. What should you do first? - answerbegin artificial ventilations Oxygen and other nutrients are transferred to the developing fetus via the: - answerumbilical vein Hypoxia-induced unresponsiveness during a submersion injury is usually the result of: - answerlaryngospasm General rules to follow when attempting to rescue a patient from the water include - answerreach, row, throw, then go You and your partner arrive at the home of a 60-year-old man with shortness of breath. As you enter the residence, you find the patient sitting in his recliner; he is in obvious respiratory distress. As you approach him, he becomes verbally abusive, stating that it took you too long to get to his home. A small handgun is sitting on a table next to his recliner. You should: - answerslowly back out of the residence and call law enforcement Which of the following statements regarding the function of insulin is correct? - answerfacilitates the uptake of glucose from the bloodstream into the cell Which of the following is found just above the kidneys in the abdomen? - answerpancreas By the age of two months, an infant should be able to - answerrecognize faces and focus on things near to him Because fibrinolytic therapy decreases the blood's ability to clot, its use is limited to patients with ______ strokes. - answerischemic Which of the following are characteristics of late adulthood? - answerlung elasticity is diminished, pain perception is diminished, and metabolism is increased It would increase __________ in patients with hemorrhagic stroke; therefore, fibrinolytic therapy is contraindicated for these patients. - answerintracerebral bleeding You will also find that most postictal patients are __________; this is the result of an adrenalin surge that occurs during the tonic-clonic phase of the seizure. - answertachycardic Ticks can carry two infectious diseases: - answerLyme disease and Rocky Mountain spotted fever The age that a person begins to develop a self-concept or self awareness is - answerschool-age Lyme disease signs/symptoms - answerrash beginning about 3 days after bite that may resemble bullseye pattern in 1/3 of patients swelling of joints (especially knees) The Adam's Apple is also known as the - answerlarynx Often, the first sign of inadequate breathing is - answera change in respiratory rate To determine the length of a catheter when suctioning an adult oropharynx, you would - answermeasure from the corner of the patient's mouth to the patient's ear. A bag valve mask that is not hooked up to oxygen will deliver ______% of oxygen to a patient and _____% of oxygen if hooked up. - answer21/100 - answer A respiratory disease where the patient loses surface area, causing them to trap air in their lungs is called: - answeremphysema The respiratory disease that causes a patient to attempt to compensate for los of available surface area in their lungs by making more red blood cells is called: - answeremphysema The structure used by both the respiratory system and the digestive system is called - answerpharynx You are treating a 4 year old female patient who has a barking cough that sounds like a seal. You expect that this patient has: - answercroup, resulting in swelling of the larynx You have used an AED on a patient in a cardiac arrest situation. You know it is time to transport the patient when - answerthe patient regains a pulse, a total of 6 shocks have been delivered, the AED has given 3 consecutive no shocks advised, the patient regains consciousness Rocky Mountain spotted fever signs/symptpoms - answersymptoms begin 7 to 10 days after infected bite nausea, vomiting, headache, weakness, paralysis, and possibly cardiopulmonary failure. Which of the following is a physiologic effect of epinephrine when used to treat anaphylactic shock? - answeras a bronchodilator and vasoconstrictor, it improves the patient's breathing and constricts the blood vessels and increases the patient's blood pressure. You are dispatched to a residence for a 20-year-old male with respiratory distress. When you arrive, you find that the patient has a tracheostomy tube and is ventilator dependent. His mother tells you that he was doing fine, but then suddenly began experiencing breathing difficulty. You should: - answerremove him from the mechanical ventilator and ventilate him manually. You have a patient who just started a new medication today. You arrive on scene and she is complaining of difficulty breathing. As you walk in, you hear a high pitched wheezing sound as she breathes. This means that - answerher laryngeal airway is swelling Wind chill is an example of - answerconvection You respond to a scene to find a patient who you expect to be the victim of prolonged hypothermic exposure; you can assume the patient is severe when - answerthe patient is not responding appropriately All of the following are signs and symptoms of superficial injury to tissue except - answerfirm or frozen feeling on palpation (indicates deep tissue damage) You receive a call to a restaurant where a 34-year-old man is experiencing shortness of breath. When you arrive, you immediately note that the man has urticaria on his face and arms. He is conscious, but restless, and is in obvious respiratory distress. You should: - answerplace a nonrebreathing mask set at 15 L/min on the patient When timing the contraction duration, it should be timed from the - answerbeginning of the contraction until the uterus relaxes If your patient has an arterial bleed on the forearm, the brachial artery would be - answermedial to the injury - apply pressure to the wound and assess the need for a tourniquet In general, you should avoid rewarming a frostbitten body part in the field if: - answerthe affected body part could refreeze after rewarming You are transporting a 30-year-old man who is experiencing an emotional crisis. The patient does not speak when you ask him questions. How should you respond to his unwillingness to speak? - answerremain silent until the patient speaks to you Jaundice (yellow sclera and skin) and right upper quadrant abdominal pain are not common early manifestations of hepatitis; they usually develop within ___________ into the disease process. - answer1 to 2 weeks A 73-year-old male presents with confusion; cool, pale, clammy skin; absent radial pulses; and a blood pressure of 70/40 mm Hg. The patient's wife tells you that he has had abdominal pain for a week and began vomiting a coffee-ground substance yesterday. His past medical history includes hypertension and gastric ulcer disease. Your MOST immediate concern should be that: - answerhe is in shock and requires prompt transport Patients with severe hypothermia (core body temperature 86°F) who are in cardiac arrest should be managed with - answerbasic life support (chest compressions and ventilations), passive external rewarming (ie, removal of wet clothing, applying warm blankets) and rapid transport to the hospital where they can be actively rewarmed. Which of the following signs is LEAST suggestive of a diabetic emergency? - answerbradycardia narcotics - answerheroin, morphine, codeine, and meperidine (Demerol), propoxyphene (Darvon) barbiturates - answerphenobarbital benzodiazepines - answerValium, Klonopin, and Xanax difference between exertional heat stroke and classic heat stroke - answerclassic heat stroke patients usually have dry skin while exertional heat stroke patients tend to have moist skin Why should you not apply ice to a snakebite? - answerthis will cause local vasoconstriction and may force the venom deeper into the patient's circulation You have just controlled bleeding from an extremity using a pressure dressing. You should now - answercheck distal pulses, motor function, and sensory function accessory muscles used for inspiration - answersternocleidomastoids, scalene muscles, pectoralis minor muscles accessory muscles used for expiration - answerabdominal muscles, intercostal muscles All of the following are functions of the skin except - answerit serves as an area for blood vessels to be protected and flow through the body. The depression between the base of the tongue and the epiglottis is called - answervallecula The area that the endotracheal tube passes through is known as the - answerthe glottic opening In a rush, which of the following can give you a good idea of the appropriate tube size for a pediatric patient? - answercompare tube size to the patient's finger Post successful intubation, placing an oropharyngeal airway can be recommended because - answerthe OPA can function as a bite block