A-level HISTORY Component 1A The Age of the Crusades, c1071–1204

A-level HISTORY Component 1A The Age of the Crusades, c1071–1204 Time allowed: 2 hours 30 minutes Materials For this paper you must have: • an AQA 16-page answer book. Instructions • Use black ink or black ball-point pen. • Write the information required on the front of your answer book. The Paper Reference is 7042/1A. • Answer three questions. In Section A answer Question 01. In Section B answer two questions. Information • The marks for questions are shown in brackets. • The maximum mark for this paper is 80. • You will be marked on your ability to: – use good English – organise information clearly – use specialist vocabulary where appropriate. Advice • You are advised to spend about: – 1 hour on Question 01 from Section A – 45 minutes on each of the two questions answered from Section B. 2 IB/M/Jun21/7042/1A Section A Answer Question 01. Extract A All that the Second Crusade had accomplished was to lose many men, much material and to bring about a terrible humiliation. The legend of unbeatable knights from the West was utterly shattered. The spirits of the Muslim world revived. This failure marked a turning point in the history of Outremer. The fall of Edessa had completed the first revival of Islam and this was confirmed by the pitiful collapse of the great expedition which had aimed to restore Frankish supremacy. Amongst the chief reasons for this failure had been the differences between the Syrian Franks and their cousins from the West. It was the immigrants who came to fight for the Cross whose poor behaviour continually ruined the policy of Outremer. Raymond of Antioch had been right to urge the leaders to march against Aleppo. The chief threat to Christendom was Nureddin; in 1147 a great army could have crushed him. But the foolishness of the Crusaders allowed him to strengthen his hold on Syria into the 1150s and 1160s. Adapted from S Runciman, A History of the Crusades, 1952