Applied Pathophysiology 3rd Ed. Ch.1 With complete study Guide

PathophysiologyANSWERS-Study of the functional changes that occur in the body as a result of an injury,disorder, or disease. (Often referred to as a study of the mechanisms of disease) PathologyANSWERS-The study of changes in cells and tissues as a result of injury or disease. PhysiologyANSWERS-The mechanisms of human body functioning. StructureANSWERS-How the human body is put together, including the component parts and location of those parts. FunctionANSWERS-How these component parts operate together. The first step to understanding PathophysiologyANSWERS-Recognize and use key terms appropriately. Consider the onset of the disease. DiseaseANSWERS-The functional impairment of cells, tissues, organs, or organ systems The term disease is often used broadly to include:ANSWERS-Injuries, disorders, illnesses, and syndromes SyndromesANSWERS-A specific condition with a recognizable, predictable pattern PathogenesisANSWERS-Disease beginning Risk factorsANSWERS-Vulnerabilities that, when present, increase the chances that a disease may occur Modifiable risk factorsANSWERS-Can be changed by the individual What is the goal in studying pathogenesis?ANSWERS-To prevent disease from occurring When prevention is not possible, understanding the pathogenesis canANSWERS-Facilitate early diagnosis and intervention to avoid complications and improve quality of life Presence of one or more of these risk factors increases a person's chances of developing coronary artery diseaseANSWERS-Elevated blood cholesterol level Elevated blood pressure Cigarette smoking Family history/genetic predisposition Obesity Sedentary lifestyle EtiologyANSWERS-Very beginning of the disease process/precise cause of disease Identifiable etiologyANSWERS-Specific disease-causing microorganism (Pathogen) (Inhalation of viral microorganism that causes influenza) Multifactorial etiologyANSWERS-More than one genetic/environmental causing events (Cardiovascular disease, cancer) Idiopathic etiologyANSWERS-no known cause of disease Nosocomial diseaseANSWERS-Exposure to an infection in the health care environment VaricellaANSWERS-Chicken pox Iatrogenic diseasesANSWERS-Inadvertent result of medical treatment (UTI from the placement of a urinary catheter) Clinical ManifestationsANSWERS-Presenting signs and symptoms of the disease SignsANSWERS-Observable or measurable expressions SymptomsANSWERS-Indicators that are reported by the individual Objective manifestationsANSWERS-can be seen or measured by the health care professional Subjective manifestationsANSWERS-Symptoms Precipitating factorsANSWERS-triggers that promote the onset of clinical manifestations Precipitating factors that lead to an asthma exacerbation are:ANSWERS-Exercise Cold weather Upper respiratory infection Stress Dust/dust mites Pollen Animal dander Mold Signs and symptoms can be ____________ or ____________.ANSWERS-Local, systemic LocalANSWERS-Manifestations found directly at the site of disease and confined to that specific area Examples of local manifestations are confined:ANSWERS-Redness Swelling Bruising Pain SystemicANSWERS-Manifestations present throughout the body, not confined to one area Examples of systemic manifestations are:ANSWERS-Fever Lethargy General body aching High blood pressure ___________ is also important in classifying disease processes and clinical manifestations.ANSWERS-Timing Acute manifestations/diseasesANSWERS-Abrupt, last few days to few months, noticeable onset, complete resolution Ex. Common cold Chronic diseasesANSWERS-Last longer than 6 months, insidious onset, remission and/or exacerbation InsidiousANSWERS-Gradual RemissionsANSWERS-Symptom-free periods ExacerbationANSWERS-Flaring of symptoms SubacuteANSWERS-diseases that fall between acute and chronic in duration and severity AsymptomaticANSWERS-No noticeable symptoms, even though tests indicate disease present Clinical manifestations, laboratory, and diagnostic tests help determine a ______________ for the disease.ANSWERS-Diagnosis (label) PrognosisANSWERS-Forecast/prediction of how the patient will proceed through the disease process MorbidityANSWERS-a negative outcome with disease complications that impact the quality of life MortalityANSWERS-death The treatment of disease is dependent upon the ________________ and _______________________________.ANSWERS-Etiology, clinical manifestations HealthANSWERS-Perceived wholeness of body, mind, and spirit IllnessANSWERS-a state that results in suffering or distress HomeostasisANSWERS-Dynamic balance in the body Appropriate & effective response to stimuli EpidemiologyANSWERS-The study of disease in populations